# Buy IP Addresses & Sell IPv4 Globally > IPv4 Connect --- ## Posts - [RPKI Explained – Resource Public Key Infrastructure](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/rpki-explained-resource-public-key-infrastructure/): RPKI adds cryptographic trust to BGP, preventing hijacks and leaks. Learn how ROAs, validators, and routers keep routing secure. - [IPv4 Demand Holds Steady as Market Awaits Next Shift](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/ipv4-demand-holds-steady-as-market-awaits-next-shift/): The IPv4 market remains stable with strong demand and competitive pricing. BEAD funding in 2026 could drive the next wave... - [New York Broadband Awards: $636M for 54,000 Locations](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/new-york-broadband-awards-636m-for-54000-locations/): New York launches $636M broadband expansion, funding fiber, wireless, and satellite projects to connect 54,000 homes under the BEAD program - [Ohio Receives $793 Million in Broadband Funding](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/ohio-receives-793-million-in-broadband-funding/): Ohio awards Starlink $51. 6M to deliver broadband to 31,000 homes. Satellite wins 41% of BEAD sites, the largest share... - [States Submit Final BEAD Proposals to NTIA](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/states-submit-final-bead-proposals-to-ntia/): 36 states finalize BEAD plans, submitting proposals to NTIA detailing broadband strategies, funding allocations, and chosen technology. - [Starlink Granted $119M in Montana BEAD Award](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/starlink-granted-119m-in-montana-bead-award/): Montana awarded Starlink $119M in BEAD funds to connect 20,000 rural locations, favoring satellite over fiber to save costs in... - [Minnesota $392 Milllion Broadband Expansions](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/minnesota-392-milllion-broadband-expansions/): Minnesota’s $392 Million broadband push plans to bring fiber to rural farms , fueling business growth and closing the digital... - [Fiber vs. Satellite: Nebraska’s Rural Broadband Battle](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/fiber-vs-satellite-nebraskas-rural-broadband-battle/): Nebraska proposed spending just $43. 8M of $405M in BEAD funds, leaving rural communities with satellite over fiber broadband. - [$793M in PA Broadband Grants Provisionally Approved](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/793m-in-pa-broadband-grants-provisionally-approved/): Pennsylvania provisionally approves $793. 4M in BEAD grants, aiming for universal broadband access with fiber, wireless, and satellite projects. - [West Virginia $624.7 Million Rural Broadband Expansions](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/west-virginia-624-7-million-rural-broadband-expansions/): West Virginia recommends nine providers for $624. 7M BEAD awards, with Frontier and Citynet leading, and fiber dominating most projects. - [Colorado Rolls Out $826M BEAD Plan](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/colorado-rolls-out-826m-bead-plan/): Amazon Kuiper and Starlink secured half of Colorado’s BEAD locations, but just 8% of $826M broadband funding. - [Fiber Dominates Virginia’s $613M Broadband Allocation](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/fiber-dominates-virginias-613m-broadband-allocation/): Virginia’s $613M BEAD funds prioritize fiber over satellite, with Starlink winning a small share under updated broadband funding rules. - [Oklahoma Advances Broadband Strategy Amid Federal Policy Realignment](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/oklahoma-advances-broadband-strategy-amid-federal-policy-realignment/): Oklahoma adapts broadband strategy to shifting federal policy; fiber, wireless, satellite to connect rural and underserved communities. - [New ARIN Fees for 2026: How It Impacts IPv4 Holders](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/new-arin-fees-for-2026-how-it-impacts-ipv4-holders/): ARIN increases annual fees by 5% for 2026, maintains fee cap, and extends IPv6 waiver for 3X-Small organizations. - [Mississippi $1.2 Billion Broadband Expansion Advances Despite BEAD Changes](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/mississippi-1-2-billion-broadband-expansion-advances-despite-bead-changes/): Mississippi’s $1. 2B internet expansion continues as federal rules change, fueling debate over affordability and broadband quality statewide. - [IPv4 Transfer Surge Continues Despite BEAD Setbacks](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/ipv4-transfer-surge-continues-despite-bead-setbacks/): Telecoms step up acquisitions in June, while enterprises offload blocks—driven by policy shifts and cloud infrastructure moves. - [July IPv4 Market – Requests Stay Steady](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/07/july-ipv4-market-requests-stay-steady/): ARIN IPv4 transfer requests in 2025 show consistent demand. Despite short-term dips, enterprises and ISPs continue to drive the market. - [BEAD Rule Changes: What ISPs Should Know](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/06/bead-rule-changes-what-isps-should-know/): NTIA rewrites BEAD rules, eliminating fiber preference and labor mandates, forcing states to resubmit broadband plans within 90 days. - [What is ICANN?](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/what-is-icann/): ICANN is a non-profit, private, and international organization responsible for maintaining and coordinating the unique identifiers essential for the global... - [Texas $3.8B BEAD Broadband Funding Round](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/texas-3-8b-bead-broadband-funding-round/): Texas launches $3. 8 billion broadband grant window, combining BEAD and TMAP funding to expand rural access and support small... - [Pennsylvania's $1.16B BEAD Funds Delayed](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/pennsylvanias-1-16b-bead-funds-delayed/): Pennsylvania's $1. 16 billion broadband expansion stalls amid federal rewrites and political uncertainty, and is delayed until 2026 - [Indiana $340 Million BEAD Funds to Broadband Expansion](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/indiana-340-million-bead-funds-to-broadband-expansion/): Indiana awards $340M in BEAD funds to push 400+ fiber projects, expanding broadband to 90,000 underserved locations - [Tennessee $704 Million BEAD Program Attracts 298 Applications](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/tennessee-704-million-bead-program-attracts-298-applications/): Broadband providers request $704M in BEAD funds to boost Tennessee internet infrastructure, led by AT&T, Comcast, and Amazon Kuiper. - [Oklahoma's $148M Fiber-Only BEAD Application's](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/oklahomas-148m-fiber-only-bead-applications/): Oklahoma opens BEAD Pool 1 for fiber broadband projects; additional funding pools and scoring details announced ahead of May 26... - [Oregon Opens $689M BEAD Grant Applications](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/oregon-opens-689m-bead-grant-applications/): Oregon Broadband Office begins BEAD grant applications, distributing $689M to improve internet infrastructure in the state - [Idaho's 43 Prequalified Applicants for $583M BEAD Funding](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/idahos-43-prequalified-applicants-for-583m-bead-funding/): Idaho prequalifies 43 broadband providers, including major telecoms and regional co-ops, for the next phase of their $583M BEAD funding - [Telecom at Risk: Addressing Evolving Cyber Threats](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/telecom-at-risk-addressing-evolving-cyber-threats/): Telecom companies face rising cyber threats and espionage, requiring cybersecurity strategies to protect infrastructure, data, and reputation - [Brightspeed Granted $31.2M to Expand NC Fiber Network](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/brightspeed-granted-31-2m-to-expand-nc-fiber-network/): Brightspeed granted $31M in state funding to expand fiber broadband across NC, reaching 18,000+ underserved homes and businesses - [Michigan’s $1.5 Billion BEAD Funding Broadband Expansion](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/michigans-1-5-billion-bead-funding-broadband-expansion/): Michigan’s $1. 5 Billion BEAD funded broadband expansion hits milestone with 392 BEAD applications to expand into rural areas - [Cogent Raises $174m by Securitizing IPv4 Addresses](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/cogent-raises-174m-by-securitizing-ipv4-addresses/): Cogent raises $174 million by securitizing its IPv4 address blocks and leases, creating a new financial model for digital infrastructure - [South Carolina Broadband Access Progress](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/south-carolina-broadband-access-progress/): South Carolina is nearing full broadband coverage, with only a small percentage of homes and businesses still unserved or underserved - [$1.4B BEAD Funding Now Open in Alabama](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/1-4b-bead-funding-now-open-in-alabama/): ADECA launches $1. 4B BEAD funding round to support last-mile Alabama broadband projects in underserved communities. Deadline: May 22 - [Will Tariffs Impact BEAD Funds & Broadband?](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/will-tariffs-impact-bead-funds-broadband/): New tariffs are expected to have limited direct impact on BEAD projects, thanks in part to Build America, Buy America... - [New York's $290 Million Internet Investment](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/new-yorks-290-million-internet-investment/): New York expands broadband access programs with $50M in new federal funding, bringing the efforts to nearly $290 million - [Rhode Island's $108.7M Broadband Expansion](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/rhode-islands-108-7m-broadband-expansion/): With $108. 7M in federal funding, Rhode Island begins major broadband expansion to connect homes, businesses, and anchor institutions. - [Difference Between MAP-T & CGNAT](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/difference-between-map-t-cgnat/): Key Differences between MAP-T vs. CGNAT: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Choosing the Right IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition Solution - [Oregon Broadband Update: $24m in Grants](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/oregon-broadband-update-24m-in-grants/): Oregon awards $24M in broadband grants to expand high-speed internet access and advances BEAD Program with 25 pre-qualified applicants. - [$675M for New Mexico Broadband Expansion](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/675m-for-new-mexico-broadband-expansion/): New Mexico received 66 broadband grant applications competing for $675M in federal BEAD funding to expand high-speed internet statewide. - [Michigan's $245 Million BEAD Fund Program](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/michigans-245-million-bead-fund-program/): Frontier Communications, DMCI, and Surf Internet—applying for funding from the $245 million Michigan BEAD program - [TLS: The Importance of Transport Layer Security](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/tls-the-importance-of-transport-layer-security/): Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that secures internet communications between servers, browsers, and applications. - [California Begins BEAD Funding Applications for ISPs](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/california-begins-bead-funding-applications-for-isps/): California has opened the BEAD Subgrantee Selection Process for ISPs, with applications accepted from March 25 to April 23, 2025 - [Arizona $993 Million BEAD Applications Deadline](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/arizona-993-million-bead-round-1-application-deadline/): Arizona’s $992 BEAD program advances in 2025, with ACA extending the Round 1 deadline to March 7 for ISPs improving... - [$229 Million Vermont BEAD Program Advances as Nine ISPs Compete for Funding](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/229-million-vermont-bead-program-advances-as-nine-isps-compete-for-funding/): The Vermont Community Broadband Board (VCBB) has reviewed preliminary Vermont BEAD applications from internet service providers (ISPs) that cover almost... - [What is IANA? The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/what-is-iana/): IANA, The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, manages global IP addresses, DNS root zones, and protocols, ensuring internet stability - [Minnesota Moves Forward with $652 Million BEAD Funds](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/minnesota-moves-forward-with-652-million-bead-funds/): NTIA approves Minnesota's unserved locations map, identifiying 88,700 eligible sites for its BEAD program. Prequalification phase begins. - [What is APNIC: The Asia-Pacific's Internet Registry](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/what-is-apnic/): APNIC manages IP address distribution in the Asia-Pacific, supports IPv6 adoption, enhances internet security, and provides registry services - [Missouri's $1.2 Billion BEAD Program Round 1 Completed](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/missouri-bead/): Missouri received 519 applications for round 1 of its $1. 2 Billlion BEAD funding program - [Washington State Receives $1.2 Billion in BEAD Funding](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/washington-state-receives-1-2-billion-in-bead-funds/): Washington State received 307 applications for the $1. 2 BEAD program to expand broadband access, covering 77% of eligible project... - [Texas Announces $545 Million in Public Broadband Funding](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/texas-announces-545-million-in-public-broadband-funding/): The Texas Broadband Development Office is awarding over $500 million in grants for Round II of broadband expansion, prioritizing rural... - [Arkansas $1 Billion BEAD Program Closes Phase One with 98% Participation](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/arkansas-1-billion-bead-program-closes-phase-one-with-98-participation/): The Arkansas State Broadband Office closed its first BEAD funding application round, receiving 814 bids covering 98% of designated areas - [What Are IPv4 Blocks?](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/what-are-ipv4-blocks/): IPv4 addresses are essential for internet communication, but limited availability is pushing the transition to IPv6 for future connectivity. - [BEAD Progress: Brightspeed's $238 Million Network Expansion](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/bead-progress-brightspeeds-238-million-network-expansion/): Brightspeed announces $238 million in public funding – including a BEAD grant – to enhance broadband access for underserved communities. - [Louisiana BEAD Grant – $414,000 to Local ISP PhireLink](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/louisiana-bead-grant-414000-to-local-isp-phirelink/): Louisiana's BEAD program begins distributing $1. 3 billion in grants for expanding high-speed internet access to underserved areas. - [Best Internet Service Providers of 2025: Our Picks for the Best Connectivity](https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/best-internet-service-providers-of-2025-our-picks-for-the-best-connectivity/): Our picks for ISPs for 2025: Speed, affordability, availability. We review options for fiber, 5G, satellite, and cable. - [China Intensifies IPv6 Push Amid Slowing Adoption Rates](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/china-intensifies-ipv6-push-amid-slowing-adoption-rates/): The growth and challenges of IPv6 adoption in China and the strategies being implemented to boost progress. - [What the Barracuda Reputation Block List (BRBL)?](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/what-the-barracuda-reputation-block-list-brbl/): The Barracuda Reputation Block List (BRBL) flags problematic IPs for spam. Maintain secure practices and to avoid and delist. - [Fate of Federally Funded Internet for Rural Communities](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/fate-of-federally-funded-internet-for-rural-communities/): The Supreme Court is preparing to rule on whether rural, low-income communities maintain access to subsidized internet, or lose connectivity - [What is AFRINIC?](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/what-is-afrnic/): AFRINIC manages IP addresses and ASNs across Africa, promoting IPv4 and IPv6 adoption and providing services for internet stability. - [What Is IP2Location?](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/09/what-is-ip2location/): IP2 Location specializes in geolocation technology, linking IP addresses to geographic data for marketing, security, and privacy applications. - [What are RIPE Provider Aggregatable (PA) and Provider Independent (PI) Addresses?](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/08/ripe-pi-vs-pa/): The key difference between Provider Aggregatable (PA) and Independent (PI) addresses lies in their aggregation capabilities and independence. - [Mitigating IP Address Abuse in IPv4 Transfer and Lease Markets](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/08/mitigating-ip-address-abuse-in-ipv4-transfer-and-lease-markets/): The hidden dangers of IP transfer abuse. How cybercriminals use IP addresses for malicious activities like spam, phishing, and malware. - [AWS BYOIP Price Increase 2024](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/07/aws-byoip-price-increase-2024/): Starting February 2024, Amazon will monetize their owned IPv4 addresses, leading to higher costs for BYOIP (Bring Your Own IP)... - [How to Update IPv4 Address Geolocation](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/04/how-to-update-ipv4-address-geolocation/): Learn how IPv4 geolocation can accurately map an IP address to a specific location and enhance content localization. - [IPv4 vs IPv6: Pros and Cons of Each](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/03/pros-and-cons-of-ipv4-and-ipv6-addresses/): What is the difference between ipv4 and ipv6? We examine advantages, challenges, and future implications of each address protocol - [What is ARIN? North America's Internet Registry](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/what-is-arin-american-registry-for-internet-numbers/): ARIN manages IP addresses and ASNs across North America, promoting IPv6 adoption and providing essential services for internet stability. - [What is Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE NCC)?](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/what-is-reseaux-ip-europeens-ripe-ncc/): RIPE NCC is the original Regional Internet Registry, that assigns IP addresses for 76 countries in Europe, the Middle East,... - [How to Configure DNS for ISPs](https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/how-to-configure-dns-for-isps/): Configure DNS for ISPs with ease by following this instructional guide. Best practices for reliable and efficient domain name resolution. - [OpenFlow: Software-Defined Networking Explained](https://ipv4connect.com/2023/11/openflow-software-defined-networking-explained/): OpenFlow is the protocol that transformed networking by making traffic programmable, centralized, and easier to manage - [The Anatomy of a DDoS Attack—and How to Defend Against It](https://ipv4connect.com/2023/09/the-anatomy-of-a-ddos-attack-and-how-to-defend-against-it/): DDoS attacks overwhelm networks with traffic to cause disruption. This can be mitigated through proactive security measures. - [Pros and Cons Deploying Carrier Grade NAT (CGNAT)](https://ipv4connect.com/2023/06/pros-and-cons-deploying-carrier-grade-nat/): How CGNAT technology helps ISPs and telecom operators conserve public IPv4 addresses while enhancing online privacy and security. - [How Spamhaus DROP Lists Prevent IP Hijacking and Enhance Network Security](https://ipv4connect.com/2021/11/spamhaus-drop-lists/): Spamhaus DROP lists are essential tools in the fight against IP hijacking, that defend against DNS hijacking, and most malicious... --- # # Detailed Content ## Posts - Published: 2025-09-26 - Modified: 2025-09-26 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/rpki-explained-resource-public-key-infrastructure/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: ARIN, Hackers, Knowledgebase, Routing, RPKI, Security RPKI adds cryptographic trust to BGP, preventing hijacks and leaks. Learn how ROAs, validators, and routers keep routing secure. What is RPKI? Securing BGP Routing with Cryptographic Validation The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is designed to bring cryptographic trust into the Internet’s routing system. At its core, RPKI gives network operators a way to confirm whether an Autonomous System (AS) is legitimately allowed to announce a block of IP addresses. By adding this layer of validation to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), RPKI helps defend against route hijacks, misconfigurations, and large-scale outages. The RPKI Process Resource delegation: Internet resources begin with IANA and are distributed to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) such as ARIN, RIPE NCC, and APNIC. From there, Local Internet Registries (LIRs) and ISPs assign them to end holders. ROAs: Resource owners generate Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) that state which ASN may announce which prefixes, along with the maximum prefix length. Repositories: These ROAs are published in global repositories that anyone can access over rsync or HTTPS. Validation: Specialized RPKI validators pull ROAs from the repositories and verify them, producing a list of Validated ROA Payloads (VRPs). Routing enforcement: Routers import VRPs using the RTR protocol and apply routing policy rules, rejecting announcements marked Invalid while preferring Valid ones. Why It Matters Stops hijacking attempts – attackers cannot easily impersonate IP space they don’t own. Limits configuration errors – prevents accidental route leaks from spreading. Meets best practices – adoption is part of industry security efforts like MANRS. Protects downstream users – improves trust in ISPs and reduces exposure to malicious rerouting. Takeaway RPKI strengthens the foundation of the Internet by turning BGP announcements into verifiable, cryptographically backed claims. For networks that rely on global stability, RPKI is becoming an essential safeguard. Related Articles TLS: Transport Layer Security Explained How Does BGP & Internet Routing Registry Affect IPv4? (Brander Group) Overview of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) (Brander Group) Removing Internet Routing Registry (IRR) Objects (Brander Group) IPv4 Connect Knowledgebase We specialize in ARIN Transfers --- - Published: 2025-09-18 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/ipv4-demand-holds-steady-as-market-awaits-next-shift/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Hyperscalers, IPv4, Market Insights, Market Trends The IPv4 market remains stable with strong demand and competitive pricing. BEAD funding in 2026 could drive the next wave of price increases. IPv4 Market Demonstrates Stability Amid Regulatory and Economic Turbulence Stability After a Brief Dip The IPv4 transfer market continues to show resilience. May’s low point of 115 transfers was short-lived, with activity quickly rebounding. Since then, 2025 has averaged 147 transfers per month, with 151 over the last three months — a sign of consistent demand in a cautious economic climate. Pricing Pressure Eased by Supply Despite steady activity, prices have not surged. Ample supply has tempered the market, as organizations continue to release unused IPv4 blocks. This availability keeps costs competitive, giving buyers room to secure space without aggressive price hikes. What’s Holding Prices Down Two dynamics are keeping the market balanced: Ongoing sell-side activity as holders monetize unused space. Strategic buyer patience, with many ISPs conserving resources ahead of BEAD funding. Both forces have prevented the kind of sharp increases seen in previous years. Looking Toward 2026 The real test may come in early 2026, when BEAD’s $42 billion is released and broadband providers scale up deployments. Increased competition could alter pricing dynamics quickly. For now, the environment remains favorable: Buyers can acquire IPv4 at accessible levels. Sellers benefit from a liquid, active market. The May slowdown is already a footnote. What matters is the IPv4 market’s resilience — and its potential for change once federal funding starts flowing. More on BEAD and Broadband BEAD Rule Changes: Everything you need to know More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-09-14 - Modified: 2025-09-26 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/new-york-broadband-awards-636m-for-54000-locations/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband, Satellite, Starlink, Wireless New York launches $636M broadband expansion, funding fiber, wireless, and satellite projects to connect 54,000 homes under the BEAD program NY Combines Federal BEAD Grants with Private Matches New York State has approved $391 million in broadband awards to 11 internet service providers. Another $245 million in private matching funds will support the projects. Together, they aim to reach nearly 54,000 unserved and underserved locations. The effort would bring the state to universal broadband coverage under the federal BEAD program. The buildout will use a mix of technologies. About one-third of homes and businesses will get fiber connections. Another 44 percent will be served by fixed wireless. The final 25 percent will be covered by satellite service. Award Breakdown $121. 2 million to CBN Geneva, LLC for a hybrid fiber/wireless project covering 36 counties and two Tribal Reservations. $78. 6 million to Archtop Fiber, LLC to serve 2,511 locations in the Hudson Valley. $64. 5 million to Verizon New York, Inc. for fiber builds across 13 counties and the Tonawanda Reservation. $27. 0 million to Spectrum Northeast, LLC to extend fiber in Chautauqua County and Tuscarora Nation. $20. 4 million to SpaceX’s Starlink, which will provide satellite coverage for more than 13,600 locations across 37 counties. Federal Backing and Local Impact The awards draw from the $664. 6 million BEAD allocation New York received under the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Once finalized by the NTIA, they are expected to deliver high-speed internet to virtually all households still lacking service. Lawmakers including Senator Chuck Schumer and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand praised the program as a “once-in-a-generation” investment that ensures New Yorkers in every zip code will gain access to reliable, affordable broadband. New York’s Strategy in the National BEAD Rollout New York’s awards come as states nationwide move through BEAD’s final award stage. While timelines vary, the Empire State is now positioned to be among the first to reach universal coverage targets, particularly with its blend of fiber deployments and reliance on wireless and satellite to cover hard-to-reach areas. The broader market trend shows fiber dominating the bulk of BEAD-funded projects across the U. S. , though fixed wireless and satellite solutions remain crucial for the “last mile” in rural and geographically challenging locations. New York’s mix reflects that balance: heavy fiber investment in populated regions, wireless to cover broad rural stretches, and satellite reserved for remote households. As the BEAD program unfolds nationally, New York’s approach illustrates both the opportunities and trade-offs inherent in achieving 100 percent coverage. The state’s reliance on multiple technologies highlights a pragmatic strategy — but also signals ongoing debates about long-term service quality, competition, and affordability. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard New York's $290 Million Internet Investment BEAD Rule Changes: What ISPs Should Know California Begins BEAD Funding Applications for ISPs --- - Published: 2025-09-12 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/ohio-receives-793-million-in-broadband-funding/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Amazon Kuiper, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Satellite, Starlink Ohio awards Starlink $51.6M to deliver broadband to 31,000 homes. Satellite wins 41% of BEAD sites, the largest share in the state. Starlink Leads Ohio’s BEAD Proposal Ohio has awarded $51. 6 million in BEAD funding to SpaceX’s Starlink, selecting the satellite provider to connect 31,000 underserved homes and businesses. The award gives Starlink control of 41 percent of all eligible sites in the state, making it the leading provider in Ohio’s broadband expansion plan. By contrast, Spectrum, owned by Charter Communications, came in second with just 13 percent of locations. This marks Starlink’s second-largest BEAD allocation to date, trailing only Montana’s $119 million award earlier this month. Together, the two states signal a growing willingness to rely on satellite broadband as a cost-effective solution for rural coverage. Colorado has taken a similar path, although it leaned more heavily on Amazon’s Project Kuiper rather than SpaceX. Cost First, Technology Second Ohio received $793 million in total BEAD funds. However, state officials estimate they will only need $227 million to meet deployment targets, largely because satellite reduces the cost of reaching remote areas. In its proposal, Ohio emphasized lowest cost bids as the primary factor, with deployment timelines and network speeds ranked lower. That framework played directly to Starlink’s advantage. Satellite offers immediate coverage without the need to lay thousands of miles of fiber. While many states continue to prioritize fiber’s long-term benefits, Ohio opted for a more pragmatic, budget-conscious approach. The decision also reflects recent policy changes at the federal level. A shift toward “technology neutrality” under the Trump administration opened the door for satellite providers to secure a larger share of BEAD awards. Performance Trade-Offs Remain The choice of satellite is not without compromise. Under the program, Starlink must provide service at 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload speeds. Competing fiber providers, including Spectrum and AT&T, are committed to gigabit service in their awarded areas. Critics argue that subsidizing satellite may deliver only short-term relief while leaving rural households with lower speeds than urban markets. At the same time, Starlink is expanding capacity and working toward gigabit-class performance. The company has already reached more than seven million subscribers globally and continues to position itself as a scalable solution for hard-to-reach communities. With Ohio’s award in hand, SpaceX strengthens its case that satellite can serve as more than a stopgap in U. S. broadband policy. Implications for State and Federal Broadband Planning Ohio’s plan illustrates how cost-driven evaluation criteria can significantly alter the balance between fiber and satellite. For policymakers, the decision raises important questions: should federal dollars prioritize long-term infrastructure or immediate access at lower cost? For market participants, it underscores the competitive opportunities opening for non-fiber technologies as states finalize their BEAD strategies. With the National Telecommunications and Information Administration still required to approve every state’s proposal, Ohio’s satellite-heavy plan could face scrutiny. But if it moves forward, the outcome may set another precedent—following Montana—for how states balance fiscal efficiency against the future-proofing of broadband networks. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-09-10 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/states-submit-final-bead-proposals-to-ntia/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Amazon Kuiper, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Satellite, Starlink 36 states finalize BEAD plans, submitting proposals to NTIA detailing broadband strategies, funding allocations, and chosen technology. 36 States Finalize BEAD Proposals Distributions Plans After years of preparation, debate, and political shifts, the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program is finally moving ahead to completion. Of 56 eligible states and territories, 36 have now finalized their BEAD proposals and submitted them for review. These submissions detail how billions in federal funds will be invested to close connectivity gaps nationwide. They also mark a turning point after policy shifts under the Trump administration, where broadband offices have faced changing rules, delays, and uncertainty. At this stage, the NTIA has 90 days to review and approve each plan, unlocking the next round of BEAD disbursements. For up-to-date information, Brander Group maintains a BEAD progress dashboard tracking state progress, how much funding is on the table, and the technologies being deployed. Emerging Trends Across State Proposals The 36 finalized BEAD proposals reveal some patterns: Fiber Priority – Fiber continues to receive the majority of awards. In most cases it remains the central technology for closing access gaps. Until this year, it was often the only option included in state plans. Satellite Use Expands – Several states now allocate funds to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. Hawai‘i, Kentucky, and North Carolina included satellite in their proposals to serve remote or high-cost areas. Fixed Wireless Increases – Fixed wireless is more prominent in BEAD than in earlier programs. Iowa, Minnesota, and other states have assigned substantial portions of their awards to wireless deployments. Variation in Spending Levels – Some states are deploying only a fraction of their allocations at the start. Massachusetts is committing about 12% of its funds, while Mississippi and North Carolina are spending several hundred million dollars immediately. BEAD Proposals by Region West Arizona – $512M awarded from $993M; 75% fiber, 19% fixed wireless, 5% LEO satellite. Nevada – $169M awarded from $416M; 64% fiber, 29% LEO, 4% fixed wireless, 3% HFC. Hawai‘i – $95M awarded from $150M; 82% fiber, 8% LEO. New Mexico – Strong focus on fiber for rural and tribal communities; LEO reserved for hard-to-reach areas. California, Oregon, Washington – Extensions granted; proposals expected later in 2025. Midwest and Plains Iowa – $221M awarded from $415M; 51% fiber, 41% fixed wireless, 9% LEO. Minnesota – $380M awarded from $651M; 56% fiber, 27% LEO, 17% fixed wireless. Wyoming – $136M awarded from $348M; 70% fiber, 20% fixed wireless, 10% LEO. Other Plains states (ND, SD, NE, KS) – Fiber remains the priority, but wireless shares are higher than in other regions. South Mississippi – $567M awarded from $1. 2B; 86% fiber, 13% LEO, 1% HFC. Kentucky – $377M awarded from $1B; 68% fiber, 25% LEO, 6% wireless. North Carolina – $408M awarded from $1. 5B; 68% fiber, 30% LEO, 1% HFC, 1% wireless. Georgia, Oklahoma, Texas – Large awards to fiber, with limited satellite allocations. Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee – Fiber-focused, with modest allocations to wireless and satellite. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Massachusetts – $18M awarded from $147M; 53% HFC, 25% LEO, 22% fiber. Rhode Island – $16M awarded from $108M; 80% fiber, 15% wireless, 4% LEO. Maine – Reduced planned spending from $272M to $48M; 85% fiber, 10% wireless, 5% LEO. Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey – Fiber-heavy, with limited satellite support. New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut – Smaller states, primarily fiber-focused. Mountain States Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho – Fiber dominates, with wireless and satellite included to reach remote areas. The Role of Satellite Satellite has emerged as a larger factor in BEAD this year. In earlier rounds, most states treated fiber as the only viable option, but 2025 proposals now show growing awards for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) providers such as SpaceX’s Starlink and, more recently, Amazon’s Project Kuiper. These awards are often smaller in dollar terms than fiber or wireless, suggesting that satellite providers are bidding aggressively to win early market share. While this strategy broadens competition, it also raises concerns about whether the bids reflect sustainable service costs. Performance remains a question. Starlink has scaled quickly but faces scrutiny over latency, bandwidth variability, and long-term affordability. Amazon Kuiper only began launching satellites in late 2023 and is not yet a proven commercial service. States awarding Kuiper contracts in 2025 are effectively betting on a network still in development. The advantage of satellite is reach. It can connect remote or geographically challenging areas where fiber and wireless are too costly. But the drawback is risk: if satellite networks fail to deliver consistent service, those communities could be left behind once again. For this reason, most states treat satellite as a gap-filler rather than a foundation, supplementing fiber and wireless rather than replacing them. 20 States Remain With 36 states and territories submitted and 20 still operating under extensions, BEAD is entering its most critical phase. The NTIA’s 90-day review process is now underway, and approvals will determine how quickly funds move from planning to construction. Delays in this stage could push projects further into 2026, while timely approvals would allow the first major BEAD-funded builds to begin quickly. The states that received extensions — including large ones like California and Texas — will play an outsized role in national totals. Their pending submissions could add billions more to the deployment pipeline and shift the balance of technologies if they diverge from the current mix. For providers and policymakers, the current set of proposals already signals a shift from earlier broadband programs. Fiber remains the foundation, but states are now willing to incorporate wireless and satellite to meet coverage requirements and avoid leaving communities behind. As funds begin to flow, the central questions are whether these allocations can deliver on the promise of universal access — and whether the technology decisions made in 2025 will hold up under the demands of the next two decades. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-09-09 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/starlink-granted-119m-in-montana-bead-award/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Amazon Kuiper, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Satellite, Starlink Montana awarded Starlink $119M in BEAD funds to connect 20,000 rural locations, favoring satellite over fiber to save costs in broadband expansion. Starlink Wins Big in Montana’s BEAD Awards Montana has awarded $119 million in federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) funds to SpaceX’s Starlink, marking one of the largest satellite allocations under the program to date. The award will connect approximately 20,000 underserved homes and businesses, cementing satellite as a primary solution in the state’s broadband expansion strategy. In total, about 65 percent of Montana’s BEAD locations will be served by satellite providers, far above the national average. Starlink will cover more than 28 percent of sites, while Amazon’s Project Kuiper secured $26 million to serve nearly 37 percent. The state argues this approach allows it to stretch its allocation further, projecting that only $308 million of its $629 million budget will be required—saving more than $300 million compared to a fiber-first buildout. Fiber vs. Satellite in State BEAD Funding Montana’s decision is notable at a time when most states remain heavily invested in fiber deployment. In Oklahoma, for example, Starlink was awarded just a single site, while Amazon’s Kuiper won more than 4,200. In Virginia, SpaceX has openly challenged the state’s $613 million fiber-heavy plan, calling it a “massive waste of federal taxpayer money” and lobbying the Commerce Department to intervene. The debate over satellite versus fiber continues to divide broadband stakeholders. Fiber advocates emphasize the long-term advantages of gigabit speeds, congestion-free performance, and virtually unlimited capacity. Satellite backers counter that providers like Starlink can deploy service quickly across vast rural landscapes, filling coverage gaps at a fraction of the cost. Montana’s decision illustrates how states are weighing those trade-offs as they finalize BEAD strategies. Starlink, which recently surpassed seven million users worldwide in more than 150 countries, views BEAD funding as critical to its U. S. growth. The company is also racing to expand its satellite capacity to support gigabit-class service and to position itself as a viable alternative to fiber in remote regions. Whether other states follow Montana’s lead will depend not only on cost considerations but also on how federal regulators respond to these satellite-heavy allocations. For now, Montana has set a precedent that could shape broadband policy far beyond its borders, spotlighting satellite as more than just a stopgap measure in the push for nationwide connectivity. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-09-07 - Modified: 2025-09-26 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/minnesota-392-milllion-broadband-expansions/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband, Satellite, Starlink, Wireless Minnesota’s $392 Million broadband push plans to bring fiber to rural farms , fueling business growth and closing the digital divide How Broadband is Powering Farms, Businesses, and Rural Communities These are exciting times for Redhead Creamery, an artisanal cheese producer in central Minnesota. Known for inventive cheeses, the family-run farm north of Brooten recently launched a line of spirits distilled from whey, a cheese-making byproduct. Their creations now include vodka, bourbon, and gin. “It’s full circle—crops to cows to cheese to cocktails,” jokes co-owner and cheesemaker Alise Sjostrom. But nearly as important to the farm’s future as spirits and cheese is something less tangible: broadband. For years, Redhead Creamery relied on satellite internet, vulnerable to storms and even wildfire smoke. This summer, Runestone Telecom is finally delivering fiber lines to the farm, bringing faster, more reliable connectivity. That upgrade is more than a convenience. Redhead’s robotic milking equipment depends on internet uptime. If the network fails, so do the machines—a disaster for the cows. Like thousands of rural businesses, Redhead depends on broadband to stay modern and competitive. Minnesota’s Broadband Push Since 2013, Minnesota has worked to extend high-speed internet “border to border. ” The state’s Office of Broadband Development, created that year, has distributed more than $400 million in grants to internet service providers (ISPs), fueling 10 rounds of expansion projects. These grants typically cover up to half of construction costs, helping ISPs serve sparsely populated areas where the business case alone falls short. Projects must deliver at least 100/25 Mbps speeds, scalable to 100/100. In especially high-cost areas, the state has funded up to 75% of construction. Together, these efforts have connected nearly 120,000 homes and businesses. The office also piloted a line-extension program for households just beyond existing fiber routes—a popular initiative that quickly ran out of funding. Federal Funding and BEAD Minnesota’s next phase hinges on federal support. In 2023, the state was awarded $652 million under the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. But shifting federal rules under the Trump administration reduced the immediate allocation to $392 million, limiting fiber’s share of the funds. Despite the setback, officials expect BEAD to connect more than 75,000 unserved or underserved locations, where speeds remain under 25/3 Mbps. Construction could begin as early as 2026, depending on the bidding process. The need is still vast. Roughly 300,000 Minnesotans—out of 5. 8 million—lack access to reliable broadband at 100/20 Mbps or better. The Digital Divide The pandemic made broadband’s importance undeniable. “Since Covid, we’ve seen a dramatic rise in network traffic,” says Comcast’s Jill Hornbacher. The average home now has 36 connected devices, and streaming—especially live sports—drives 70% of usage. Consultant Ann Treacy, who tracks broadband progress county by county, notes that Covid also reset expectations. “For years, 25/3 felt ‘good enough. ’ You could email or stream Netflix. But with kids learning online and people working from home, it wasn’t. ” Some counties, like Beltrami, are ahead thanks to local providers such as Paul Bunyan Communications. Others lag far behind. “Schools, businesses, health care—all assume a certain level of technology now,” Treacy says. “If you don’t have it, you’re sunk. ” Rural Providers Step Up Many rural providers are tackling the challenge head-on. East Central Energy (ECE), an electric cooperative serving 4,500 square miles, launched broadband in 2021 after hearing about BEAD. With $38 million in funding secured so far, it plans to invest $300 million overall to connect 30,000 members. ECE’s fiber network offers speeds from 100/100 Mbps to 2/2 Gbps. The co-op often absorbs connection costs that can reach $15,000 per rural home. “Funding was what put us over the top,” says ECE CIO Ty Houglum. Perham-based Arvig is another active player, expanding fiber in communities such as Walker and Melrose, while also serving parts of the Twin Cities. Broadband in the Twin Cities While rural gaps dominate headlines, demand in the Twin Cities is also surging. Comcast has invested more than $525 million in Minnesota over the past three years, completing fiber rollouts in 10 metro-area cities, with more underway. New competitors like Gateway Fiber and Metronet are further fueling expansion. Though metro projects rarely rely on state funding, they underscore how broadband is now an essential utility, not a luxury. Why Broadband Matter Broadband’s value transcends politics. “This is a very nonpartisan issue,” says Bree Maki, executive director of Minnesota’s Office of Broadband Development. “It’s important for our ag community, for education, for access to government benefits. ” Reliable broadband also drives economic development, attracting businesses and enabling innovation across industries. For Alise Sjostrom and her family at Redhead Creamery, the benefits will be immediate: more stable operations, better customer outreach, and peace of mind for the cows. Across Minnesota, thousands of others are waiting for the same upgrade—an essential connection to the future. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard Minnesota Moves Forward with $652 Million BEAD Funds New York's $290 Million Internet Investment Minnesota Moves Forward with $652 Million BEAD Funds South Carolina Broadband Access Progress --- - Published: 2025-09-01 - Modified: 2025-09-26 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/09/fiber-vs-satellite-nebraskas-rural-broadband-battle/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband, Satellite, Starlink, Wireless Nebraska proposed spending just $43.8M of $405M in BEAD funds, leaving rural communities with satellite over fiber broadband. Nebraska Leaves Millions on the Table in Rural Broadband Fight Nebraska’s effort to expand high-speed internet access is sparking frustration among rural leaders, broadband advocates, and telecom providers. Out of the $405 million in federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) funds allocated to the state, officials have proposed spending only $43. 8 million—leaving more than $350 million unassigned and potentially at risk of being sent back to Washington. Advocates say this decision means that thousands of rural Nebraskans will be stuck with slower, less reliable satellite and wireless services instead of fiber-optic broadband, the gold standard for internet connectivity. A Decision That Shocked Rural Leaders The Nebraska Broadband Office, created by Gov. Jim Pillen, released its provisional awards earlier this month. The announcement triggered disappointment across the state. Emily Haxby, a Gage County Commissioner and broadband advocate, didn’t mince words: “If there were a trophy for squandering opportunity, Nebraska would already have it on the shelf. ” Others worry about the long-term consequences for Nebraska’s economy. John Nelson, CEO of Hamilton Telecommunications, which has delivered fiber service for four decades, warned: “I’m concerned that there are a lot of locations that will be left behind. ” According to state data, about 10,000 locations in rural Nebraska will now be relegated to satellite or fixed wireless instead of fiber. Fiber vs. Satellite: A Policy Shift Why is Nebraska spending so little of its federal allotment? Officials point to recent rule changes from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) following the Trump administration’s push for cost-cutting. Originally, BEAD prioritized fiber deployment. But in June, the NTIA shifted focus to “lowest-cost” technologies, putting satellite and fixed wireless on equal footing. That made Nebraska’s flat landscape especially attractive for cheaper, non-fiber solutions. Fiber cost per location: ~$14,600 Fixed wireless: ~$2,200 Satellite (Starlink/Kuiper): ~$1,000 Patrick Haggerty, director of the Nebraska Broadband Office, defended the approach: “We continue to fight for the best outcome for Nebraska. We’ve always known we would have to deploy a mix of technologies. ” But critics say that approach leaves the state far behind its neighbors. Only 9% of Nebraska’s eligible locations are slated for fiber, the lowest rate among 39 states. By comparison: Iowa: 50% Kansas: 46% The Fate of the Unspent $350 Million The bigger question is what happens to the $350 million Nebraska hasn’t proposed to spend. Some fear it will be clawed back by the federal government as part of broader spending cuts. Others argue states should retain unspent money for related purposes, such as workforce training or digital inclusion. Louisiana Gov. Jeff Landry recently sent a letter to federal officials, arguing that leftover funds should stay in-state for broadband-related projects. Nebraska officials say they’ll make the same case, though the final decision rests with NTIA and the Treasury Department. Oliver Borchers-Williams of the Southeast Nebraska Development District called the possibility of losing the money “the biggest disappointment this program has brought so far. ” Economic Stakes for Rural Nebraska High-speed internet isn’t just about streaming movies. For rural Nebraska, it’s tied to the future of precision agriculture, telehealth, remote work, and small business growth. Tip O’Neill, president of the Nebraska Telecommunications Association, questioned whether the current plan really levels the playing field: “Does this really bring broadband to unserved and underserved rural areas that’s equal to what you get in urban areas? It doesn’t. ” Community leaders warn that students, farmers, and small-town businesses will be forced to rely on technology that may struggle to keep up with growing demands. Fiber, they argue, is the only long-term solution because it can be continually upgraded as internet speeds increase. A Conservative Strategy—or a Missed Chance? Defenders of Nebraska’s cautious approach say it might prove smart if the NTIA later cuts back fiber awards in other states. For now, though, the state’s plan delivers only incremental progress while leaving many rural residents frustrated. Satellite systems like Starlink and Project Kuiper can fill gaps at a lower price, but they come with reliability issues—especially in bad weather—and limited scalability compared to fiber. For advocates like Haxby, the choice is clear: “Fiber is the gold standard. Anything less is a betrayal of every family, farmer, business and student left behind on the wrong side of the digital divide. ” More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard Ohio Receives $793 Million in Broadband Funding Brightspeed Granted $31. 2M to Expand NC Fiber Network Ohio Receives $793 Million in Broadband Funding Fiber Dominates Virginia’s $613M Broadband Allocation --- - Published: 2025-08-30 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/793m-in-pa-broadband-grants-provisionally-approved/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, NTIC, Pennsylvania, Satellite Pennsylvania provisionally approves $793.4M in BEAD grants, aiming for universal broadband access with fiber, wireless, and satellite projects. Pennsylvania advances broadband with $793M in Grants The Pennsylvania Broadband Development Authority (PBDA) has announced the provisional approval of $793. 4 million in Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) grants. Once finalized, the funding is expected to connect every remaining household and business in the Commonwealth to reliable high-speed internet. Timeline for Final Approval The PBDA’s proposal is now open for a seven-day public comment period ending August 29, 2025. After that, the final plan will be submitted to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) by September 4, 2025. Federal officials have committed to approving and disbursing the funds before year’s end, allowing construction to move forward quickly. Efficient Use of Federal Funds Pennsylvania was originally allocated $1. 16 billion in BEAD support. Thanks to cost-efficient planning and negotiations, the state is now preparing to deliver universal broadband with less than expected, highlighting the PBDA’s push for affordability and comprehensive coverage. Technology Mix The provisional awards reflect a diverse set of technologies, including: Fiber Hybrid-fiber coaxial Fixed wireless Low-Earth orbit satellite This approach ensures connectivity even in Pennsylvania’s most challenging rural and mountainous regions. Public Engagement and Transparency “Reliable, high-speed internet is essential for education, health care, and economic opportunity. By posting the proposal for public comment, we’re engaging Pennsylvanians directly in our effort to close the digital divide,” said PBDA Executive Director Brandon Carson. What BEAD Funds Can Cover The grants may be used for: Construction and physical infrastructure improvements Long-term leases Multi-family residential broadband deployment Planning, design, and engineering Personnel costs Network software upgrades Projects must include at least a 25% match of total costs, but there are no caps or minimums on award size. Next Steps After the public comment window closes, Pennsylvania’s plan will move to the NTIA for review. If approved, the state expects to launch projects quickly, with funding in place by late 2025. The initiative represents the final major step for Pennsylvania to close its digital divide and ensure universal high-speed broadband access. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs at Brander Group For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-29 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/west-virginia-624-7-million-rural-broadband-expansions/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Comcast, West Virginia West Virginia recommends nine providers for $624.7M BEAD awards, with Frontier and Citynet leading, and fiber dominating most projects. Frontier, Citynet, and seven others tapped for BEAD funds to connect 73,701 sites. West Virginia has released its list of recommended broadband providers for the $624. 7 million in BEAD funding, with nine companies selected to expand service across all 73,701 of the state’s underserved and unserved locations. The awards were announced by the West Virginia Broadband Enhancement Council and still require approval by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Who Gets the Most Funding According to analysts, Frontier and Citynet top the list, each slated to receive more than $200 million to serve more than 24,000 locations. The remaining awards include: Comcast: $61. 3 million Micrologic: $52. 9 million GigaBeam: $23. 4 million Prodigi: $21. 6 million Armstrong: $12. 7 million Hardy Communications: $7. 9 million SpaceX (Starlink): $6. 4 million Fiber Dominates the Awards Although federal rule changes in June eliminated fiber’s formal priority status, West Virginia still recommended most funding for fiber builds. In fact, SpaceX’s Starlink is the only non-fiber project on the list, with its low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites covering 4,241 locations, nearly 6% of the total. This puts West Virginia in line with other states that have released “Benefit of the Bargain” awards so far — all have leaned heavily toward fiber despite the new technology-neutral rules. How the State Decided West Virginia’s decisions were guided by the federal primary criterion of minimal BEAD outlay — awarding funds to the lowest-cost options for each target region. If competing proposals came within 15% of one another, secondary criteria were applied, including: Deployment speed within 18–36 months Technical capacity to scale to symmetrical gigabit service Status as a previously selected provisional BEAD awardee The state also factored in West Virginia’s unique geography — steep valleys, tree cover, and mountainous terrain — to judge whether proposed technologies could realistically serve households long-term. Frontier, Citynet, and seven others tapped for BEAD funds to connect 73,701 sites. Next Steps With recommendations finalized, the proposal now moves to the NTIA for review and approval. If approved, it will mark the third state to complete its revised BEAD awards under the updated rules — and another signal that fiber will remain the backbone of America’s broadband expansion, even as satellite providers carve out a smaller share. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs at Brander Group For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-28 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/colorado-rolls-out-826m-bead-plan/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Amazon Kuiper, BEAD Funding, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Colorado, Starlink Amazon Kuiper and Starlink secured half of Colorado’s BEAD locations, but just 8% of $826M broadband funding. Amazon Kuiper and Starlink Awarded Only 8% of total Colorado Funding Colorado’s latest broadband awards have taken a sharp turn toward the sky. Satellite internet providers Amazon’s Project Kuiper and SpaceX’s Starlink will server a high percenrage of the state’s underserved broadband locations in the revised Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) plan. But while they won half the service areas, they received only 8% of Colorado’s $826 million allocation, thanks to their much lower-cost bids. The Colorado Broadband Office announced the preliminary awards on August 23. In total, about 90,000 homes and businesses across the state remain unserved or underserved, defined as having less than 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload speeds. The new plan funnels BEAD subsidies to connect them, but the distribution looks far different than earlier drafts that heavily favored fiber. A Shift to “Technology Neutral” Rules When Congress passed the $42 billion BEAD program in 2021, fiber was expected to dominate due to its speed and longevity. But in June 2025, the Trump administration ordered states to scrap fiber-first priorities and instead choose the lowest-cost, technology-neutral bids. That change opened the door for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which offered aggressive pricing. “LEO was really aggressive in their coverage and pricing,” said Brandy Reitter, executive director of the Colorado Broadband Office. “They decreased their cost per broadband serviceable location quite a bit to be more competitive against the other technologies. ” The Numbers: How the Awards Break Down Amazon Kuiper: Awarded $25. 4 million to cover 42,252 locations — averaging just $560 per site. Service is expected to launch in late 2025, with full commitments by 2027. Starlink: Received $9. 16 million to serve 5,400 locations, averaging nearly $1,700 per site. Starlink already has coverage across Colorado. Fiber Providers: Won 48% of locations and took home 91% of the awarded $409 million, reflecting the higher costs of fiber builds. Fixed Wireless Providers: Claimed just 2% of locations and 1% of funds. Because satellites took so many locations at low cost, Colorado awarded only about half its BEAD budget ($409 million) in this round. The remainder could be redirected to other broadband programs across the state. Limits and Concerns Not every bid from Amazon and Starlink cleared the bar. In tribal areas, for instance, LEOs lacked proper permissions, and fiber won instead. In some cases, satellite providers also struggled to demonstrate scalability and long-term performance. For Amazon, the biggest question is timing: it has no active consumer service today and doesn’t expect to fully deliver until 2027. “The longer people wait, the longer they fall behind,” Reitter cautioned. What’s Next Public comments on the preliminary awards are open until August 29. After that, the Colorado Broadband Office will submit the final plan to the NTIA by September 4. Federal officials then have 90 days to approve. If approved, the plan would mark a major shift in U. S. broadband policy: satellite companies moving from niche providers to frontline players in federal subsidy programs. For Colorado’s rural households, it could mean service from orbit arrives faster — and far cheaper — than waiting for fiber to dig its way across the Rockies. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs at Brander Group For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-15 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/fiber-dominates-virginias-613m-broadband-allocation/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: BEAD Funding, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Oklahoma, Rural Broadband, Starlink, Trump Administration Virginia’s $613M BEAD funds prioritize fiber over satellite, with Starlink winning a small share under updated broadband funding rules. Most of BEAD Funds Favor Fiber Despite Satellites Eligibility Virginia Outlines $613 Million BEAD Spending Plan Without much fanfare, Virginia has finalized its distribution of $613 million from the federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) initiative. Its “Benefit of the Bargain” round award recommendations reflect the updated BEAD rules announced in June, which removed the original preference for fiber and allowed for “technology neutrality” across fiber, satellite, cable, and fixed wireless solutions. While SpaceX’s Starlink and Amazon’s Project Kuiper claimed a share of the funds, fiber-based projects received the lion’s portion of the awards. Earlier this year, the Trump administration overhauled BEAD rules to allow “technology-neutral” competition. This eliminated the original preference for fiber infrastructure, giving satellite operators equal footing in the bidding process. The U. S. Commerce Department has described satellite internet as a more affordable and faster-to-deploy option for remote areas. This adjustment expanded bidding opportunities for providers such as Starlink and Kuiper across the country. Fiber Still Dominates Despite Neutrality Rules While the rule change opened the door for more satellite and cable participation, Virginia’s plan still overwhelmingly prioritizes fiber. A research note from New Street Research estimates that 81% of the awarded locations will be connected via fiber broadband, 10% via satellite, 8% via cable, and 1% via fixed wireless. Virginia is one of just two states—alongside Louisiana—that still recommends allocating the majority of BEAD funding to fiber builds under the new rules. State officials cite fiber’s long-term scalability and performance advantages as the main reason for its continued priority. Starlink Gets a Minimal Share In Virginia’s awards, Starlink was allocated just under $3. 3 million to serve 5,579 locations—about $584 per site. Project Kuiper will receive $4. 4 million to connect roughly 7,000 sites at $641 each. In total, satellite services account for only $7. 7 million—around 1. 3% of the state’s total BEAD funding. Fiber projects dominate the remaining allocation. All Points Broadband alone secured over $171 million to bring service to nearly 20,000 locations at an average cost of $8,655 per site. Many of these fiber connections are expected to reach speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. Officials say the state’s strong preference for fiber reflects its superior long-term performance and scalability. Speed, Capacity, and Environmental Factors According to Drew Garner of the Benton Institute for Broadband and Society, Virginia’s award criteria emphasized not just cost, but also speed, latency, and the ability to scale over time. Environmental considerations—such as dense tree cover—also factored in, since such conditions can disrupt satellite signals. SpaceX points to its beam-switching technology as a way to address these challenges, though some experts remain unconvinced. Fiber offers symmetrical gigabit speeds and does not degrade with higher usage, making it the favored option for permanent broadband infrastructure. By contrast, satellite networks can become congested when too many users share a beam. In parts of the Pacific Northwest, Starlink has even added a $1,000 congestion surcharge to discourage sign-ups in over-capacity zones. Virginia Bead Challenge Map, showing eligible broadband locations, from Connecting Virginia Affordability Questions Remain Under the updated BEAD guidelines, satellite providers must guarantee download speeds of at least 100 Mbps and upload speeds of 20 Mbps for all funded households. In Virginia, eligible residents will get a Starlink dish at no cost for the full 10-year service period. However, states can no longer set pricing for low-income broadband plans. Providers must simply offer at least one qualifying affordable option, which could be one of their existing packages. With Starlink’s standard residential service priced at $120 per month, advocates worry that affordability could still block access for many households. Garner emphasized that cost, not availability, is often the biggest obstacle for underserved communities. Ongoing Dispute Over BEAD Policy Shift Evan Feinman, who previously led the BEAD program but resigned after the rule change, praised Virginia’s choices given the new framework but criticized the required satellite inclusion. He argued that replacing fiber with satellite for certain households could result in slower speeds and higher monthly bills. Supporters of the change, including Joe Kane of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, highlight cost savings. Governor Glenn Youngkin also endorsed the results, citing a $200 million reduction in broadband spending compared to earlier proposals—about a 25% taxpayer savings. The Commerce Department has set September 4 as the deadline for states to submit final BEAD plans, with extensions possible. In the meantime, Starlink and Kuiper are actively competing for large-scale awards in other states, particularly Texas, where they aim to connect hundreds of thousands of homes. Major Awardees and Technology Mix Twenty-one providers are slated to receive funding in Virginia’s BEAD awards. Comcast leads the list, with grants to serve 24,343 locations, followed by All Points Broadband with 19,801 locations. Both low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite operators in the BEAD program—Amazon’s Project Kuiper and SpaceX’s Starlink—will receive funding to serve 6,957 and 5,579 locations respectively. Other major fiber recipients include RiverStreet Networks (13,509 locations), Ztel (12,985 locations), Connect Holding/Brightspeed (4,963 locations), and Verizon (4,645 locations). Cable and fixed wireless providers also secured smaller portions of the funding, ensuring a technology mix across the state’s buildout plans. Full List of Virginia BEAD “Benefit of the Bargain” Awardees CompanyLocationsComcast24,343All Points Broadband19,801RiverStreet Networks13,509Ztel12,985Amazon Kuiper*6,957*EMPOWER6,512SpaceX*5,579*Connect Holding (Brightspeed)4,963Verizon4,645Hosted Backbone/Port 804,573Eastern Shore of Va. Broadband Authority4,119GigaBeam Networks3,986Point Broadband3,757WiFiber2,759Global Technical Networks/SPARQ2,304IBT Group1,519Kinex1,278Citizens Telephone840FiberLync831MGW Communications600Scott County Telephone Cooperative543Firefly (CVEC)486IWISP279Cogeco US (Delmar) dba Breezeline48 Source: Virginia DHCD. *Satellite providers More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-14 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/oklahoma-advances-broadband-strategy-amid-federal-policy-realignment/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: BEAD Funding, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Oklahoma, Rural Broadband, Starlink, Trump Administration Oklahoma adapts broadband strategy to shifting federal policy; fiber, wireless, satellite to connect rural and underserved communities. Regulatory Shifts Prompt Strategic Adjustments in Oklahoma’s Broadband Deployment Oklahoma is navigating a pivotal stage in its broadband expansion strategy, even as federal policy changes alter the parameters for how billions in infrastructure funding will be allocated. Leveraging both the $42. 5 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program and earlier investments from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), the state is positioning itself to connect historically unserved and underserved communities with modern, high-speed internet. In August 2024, Oklahoma secured preliminary authorization for more than $797 million in BEAD funding. The Oklahoma Broadband Office (OBO) initially set a May 26, 2025 application deadline for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). However, a June policy directive from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) under the Trump administration rescinded prior project approvals and removed several Biden-era provisions—such as requirements for climate resiliency, workforce training, and net neutrality—prompting states to reopen portions of the application process. Oklahoma completed this “Benefit of the Bargain” application round by July 23 and now faces a September 4 deadline to submit revised contract award proposals for NTIA review. A Shift Toward Technology Neutrality The updated BEAD guidance prioritizes technology-neutral evaluation, directing states to weigh proposals primarily on cost-effectiveness and deployment speed rather than on a predetermined infrastructure type. While the Biden administration favored fiber-optic networks for their superior speed and durability, the new rules give fixed wireless and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite solutions—such as SpaceX’s Starlink—equal consideration. Mike Sanders, OBO’s executive director, underscored the state’s focus on balancing fiscal prudence with performance outcomes. “Our objective is to invest these public funds in the most efficient way possible, while ensuring rural Oklahomans receive the quality service they’ve sought for decades,” Sanders said. He added that fiber remains the “gold standard” for long-term resilience, particularly in a state prone to extreme weather events. Misti Willock, vice president of strategic partnerships at Resound Networks, noted that geographic realities and population density often make fixed wireless or LEO satellites more practical in sparsely populated areas. Competitive Dynamics in Deployment Sanders maintains that fostering competition among providers and technologies will ultimately benefit consumers and encourage innovation. “Oklahomans deserve robust competition,” he said. “When providers compete, the technology advances. ” Even so, BEAD-funded construction in Oklahoma has yet to begin. Sanders attributes the delay to cumulative bureaucratic hurdles over the program’s first three years. Still, he expressed optimism that ground could be broken in early 2026, with service deployments beginning before the close of 2028. ARPA-Funded Projects Provide Early Momentum While BEAD awards remain pending, Oklahoma’s ARPA-backed broadband initiatives are well underway. The Legislature allocated $385 million in ARPA funds for expansion, resulting in 164 active projects statewide. According to Sanders, those projects have already removed 70,000 residents from the unserved or underserved list. Resound Networks, a Texas-based ISP, received $21. 1 million to build hybrid fiber and fixed wireless infrastructure across 14 Oklahoma counties. Willock emphasized that such capital infusions are essential to overcoming the economic constraints of rural markets, where lower take rates can deter private investment. “These programs offset the substantial upfront capital costs,” Willock said, “making it possible to reach areas that would otherwise remain disconnected. ” Oklahoma’s dashboard of brroadband projects and status (via ArcGIS) Fiber Expansion in Rural Communities Hilliary Communications, headquartered in Oklahoma, was awarded $43. 2 million in ARPA funding to deploy fiber in 11 counties, connecting over 2,000 homes and businesses. The project will deliver service to the entire community of Bray—population 950—and is part of a broader commitment to rural connectivity. “This project exemplifies our dedication to bringing high-speed internet to rural America,” said co-CEO Dustin Hilliary. For a real-time view of these deployments, the Oklahoma Broadband Office Project Dashboard provides detailed progress updates. Economic, Cultural, and Social Impacts Data from the Center on Rural Innovation indicates that communities with high broadband adoption rates experience 213% greater business growth, 44% higher GDP growth, and 18% higher per-capita income. For tribal nations, broadband access is also a matter of cultural preservation and community continuity. Julie Hubbard, communications director for the Cherokee Nation, emphasized that modern connectivity supports telehealth, online education, and remote employment—enabling citizens to remain in their ancestral communities while accessing essential services. Yet, affordability remains a structural barrier. “Even where access exists, cost can be prohibitive,” Hubbard noted, citing the need for simplified enrollment in affordability programs such as Lifeline. Looking Ahead: BEAD’s Potential to Reshape Oklahoma’s Digital Future Willock believes BEAD’s scale could drive transformational change in Oklahoma’s economic and social landscape. “Broadband is the foundation of opportunity,” she said. “It opens doors to education, employment, and entrepreneurship. ” Sanders shares that vision. “This is about more than infrastructure,” he said. “It’s about quality of life—whether through improved healthcare, stronger education systems, or more resilient local economies. ” More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-11 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/new-arin-fees-for-2026-how-it-impacts-ipv4-holders/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: ARIN, Brander Group, Fees, IP Transfers, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) ARIN increases annual fees by 5% for 2026, maintains fee cap, and extends IPv6 waiver for 3X-Small organizations. ARIN's Annual Fee Increase for 2026 ARIN has announced a 5% increase to its Registration Services Plan (RSP) fees, effective for 2026. Approved by the Board of Trustees on April 27, this adjustment is designed to keep ARIN’s operating costs in line with revenues, while enforcing strict cost management practices through 2030. To provide financial stability and transparency, ARIN continues its policy of capping annual fee increases at 5%—a measure expected to remain in place at least through the end of the decade. Category2025 Annual Fees2026 Annual FeesIPv4 Block SizeIPv6 Block SizeNumber of ASN's3X-Small$262. 50$275. 00/24 or smaller/40 or smaller1-32X-Small$525. 00$550. 00/24–/22/40–/364-15X-Small$1,050. 00$1,100. 00/22–/20/36–/3216-63Small$2,100. 00$2,205. 00/20–/18/32–/2864-255Medium$4,200. 00$4,410. 00/18–/16/28–/24256+Large$8,400. 00$8,820. 00/16–/14/24–/20$16,800. 00$17,640. 00/14–/12/20–/16$33,600. 00$35,280. 00/12–/10/16–/12$67,200. 00$70,560. 00/10–/8/12–/8$134,400. 00$141,120. 00/8–/6/8–/4$268,800. 00$282,240. 00Larger than /6Larger than /4 2026 IPv6 Waiver for 3X-Small Members A temporary waiver remains in effect for organizations in the 3X-Small category, allowing them to obtain up to a /36 of IPv6 address space without moving into a higher fee tier. The annual cost stays at the 3X-Small level ($262. 50 for 2025, $275 for 2026), even if their IPv6 allocation exceeds the typical threshold. Note: This waiver is set to expire on December 31, 2026. After that, exceeding a /40 of IPv6 space will result in a higher fee category. No Change to ARIN Transactional Fees for 2026 ARIN’s one-time transactional fees will remain unchanged from 2025. These charges cover specific actions like resource transfers, ASN issuance, and organization updates: ASN issuance: $550 per ASN ASN annual fee (ASN-only holders): $150 Organization Create: $50 Organization Recovery: $100 Transfer processing (migration, M&A, inter-RIR): $500 (paid by source) STLS listing (per listing): $100 STLS facilitator (annual): $1,000 Premier Support Plan: $5,000 annually (for XL or smaller organizations) IPv4 Recipient Transfer Fees: No Updates Since 2023 Recipient (buyer) transfer fees for IPv4 blocks remain consistent with previous years, on a tiered schedule based on block size. IPv4 Block SizeRecipient Transfer Fee/24 or smaller$187. 50/24–/22$375/22–/20$750/20–/18$1,500/18–/16$3,000/16–/14$6,000/14–/12$12,000/12–/10$24,000/10–/8$48,000/8–/6$96,000Smaller than /6$192,000 What’s the Difference? Annual vs. Transactional Fees Annual RSP Fees are recurring charges based on an organization’s total IPv4, IPv6, and ASN holdings. They cover ARIN’s core registry functions and are calculated according to your service category. Transactional Fees are one-time costs applied to certain activities—such as transferring address space, ASN assignments, and organizational changes. These are charged only when the specific action occurs. Plan Ahead: Preparing for the End of the IPv6 Waiver If your organization relies on the 3X-Small category IPv6 waiver, review your current and future needs before December 31, 2026. Be aware that holding more than a /40 of IPv6 after this date may bump you into a higher fee bracket. Proactive planning can help avoid unexpected costs. Stay Informed with Brander Group Brander Group is committed to keeping the IPv4 Connect community up to date on all things ARIN—including the latest fee schedules and policy changes. Check out our latest resources and fee analysis here. For more on ARIN Transfer Fees Brander Group's overview of ARIN transfer fees  ARIN's Current 2025 Fee Schedule ARIN's Fee Estimate Calculator --- - Published: 2025-08-06 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/mississippi-1-2-billion-broadband-expansion-advances-despite-bead-changes/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: BEAD Funding, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Rural Broadband, Starlink, Trump Administration Mississippi’s $1.2B internet expansion continues as federal rules change, fueling debate over affordability and broadband quality statewide. State’s $1. 2B Internet Buildout Continues Mississippi is forging ahead in its mission to bring reliable broadband to more residents, even as major adjustments to federal guidelines spark fresh worries about pricing and connection quality. Internet providers across the state have recently filed more than 300 applications for grants targeting areas that lack adequate internet. The Office of Broadband Expansion and Accessibility of Mississippi (BEAM) is managing $1. 2 billion in federal funds allocated through the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) initiative—a $42 billion nationwide effort launched by Congress in 2021 as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. A turning point came June 6, when the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) updated its rules. The changes eliminated previous requirements that prioritized fiber internet, labor standards, affordable pricing, climate resilience, and community engagement. The overall amount earmarked for Mississippi remains the same. “By removing unnecessary restrictions from the prior Administration and allowing a wider range of technology options, we’re connecting more Americans to broadband faster and at a better value,” said Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick at the time. To pinpoint areas most in need, the state relied on service maps created from provider data. BEAM’s current focus is to distribute grants to companies able to fill these gaps. As of June, no contracts have been finalized. Mississippi Presses On with High-Speed Internet Expansion Despite Federal Program Changes In 2022, Mississippi ranked last in the country for broadband coverage, with only 80% of residents connected. Improved access is vital for unlocking new opportunities in healthcare, education, jobs, and economic development—especially in the state’s rural communities. The grant selection process is based on which applicants can deliver the fastest deployment, at the lowest price, while still hitting technical benchmarks for internet speeds. With the program’s new technology-neutral rules, satellite providers like SpaceX and Amazon’s Kuiper could see more contracts—even though these options are often less robust and more expensive than fiber. Mississippi's BEAD Challenge Map, identifying sites of greatest need, was finalized in May 2025. Removing Preference for Fiber Advocates caution that removing the preference for fiber and dropping affordability requirements could leave many with subpar service and steeper bills. “We continue to believe fiber is the gold standard, especially in rural parts of Mississippi,” said Kyra Roby of the Children’s Defense Fund. Fiber optic connections offer greater speed and reliability over time, though they come with a higher up-front investment. Previously, Mississippi could favor applicants that promised lower rates or offered affordable service tiers, but those criteria have now been set aside. “With the current costs of internet, many families simply won’t be able to pay market prices,” said Oleta Fitzgerald, who heads the Southern Regional Office of the Children’s Defense Fund. BEAD funds remain untouched, but in May the federal government discontinued its Digital Equity Program, removing $10 million in support for digital literacy and accessibility efforts across the state. This move, along with the new rules, has cast doubt on whether BEAD alone can deliver universal, affordable broadband. Moving Forward BEAM is now reviewing the submitted grant applications and will soon publish its final recommendations for public comment, before sending them on to the Department of Commerce. Community advocates stress the need for continued local input to make sure broadband access in Mississippi is both reliable and within reach for everyone. More on BEAD and Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-08-01 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/08/ipv4-transfer-surge-continues-despite-bead-setbacks/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Brander Group, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Hyperscalers, IPv4, Market Insights, Market Trends, Starlink Telecoms step up acquisitions in June, while enterprises offload blocks—driven by policy shifts and cloud infrastructure moves. IPv4 Market Activity Rebounds Amid BEAD Delays Following a sharp dip in May, IPv4 transfer activity surged in June—signaling renewed strength in the market. Despite ongoing regulatory uncertainty and uneven infrastructure investment, demand for IPv4 appears resilient, shaped by macroeconomic shifts, evolving digital priorities, and delays in federal broadband support. According to ARIN’s published transfer request logs and Brander Group’s tracking, May saw a 22% drop in transfer activity compared to the 2025 monthly average. That decline was quickly reversed in June, with transfer requests climbing 40% month-over-month, reaching 161. This figure also represents a 5% increase above the 2025 monthly average of 154—bringing June’s pace back in line with the highs seen earlier in the year. The rebound in June underscores that market demand remains intact, even as the ecosystem navigates shifting federal priorities and persistent funding ambiguity. ISPs Hesitate as BEAD Rollout Remains Unclear Much of the market’s recent volatility traces back to the delayed rollout of the $42. 5 billion BEAD (Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment) program. Initially designed to accelerate broadband expansion in underserved areas, the program has struggled under shifting policy guidelines, changing eligibility rules, and a lack of clear timelines from federal agencies. May’s dip in transfer activity likely reflected this uncertainty, as smaller ISPs put projects on hold, awaiting guidance. Further fueling hesitation were rumors that portions of BEAD funding might be redirected toward satellite providers like Starlink—adding confusion and concern for fixed-line operators already under pressure from rising costs and regulatory delays. ARIN Transfer Requests, June 2025 June Transfer Patterns Reflect Broader Market Shifts Brander Group’s analysis of June ARIN data reveals meaningful directional signals: Small ISPs were among the most active buyers, likely in response to growing regional demand and AI-driven bandwidth requirements. Enterprise tech companies showed signs of downsizing, transferring or selling off unused IP space during ongoing cloud migrations and post-M&A cleanup. The result is a dual-track IPv4 market—one where buyers are preparing for scale while sellers capitalize on latent assets. This divergence points to a broader truth: IPv4 remains highly liquid and strategically valuable to very different types of players for different reasons. Data Center Growth Fuels Surge in IPv4 Needs A major factor behind this year’s record-setting IPv4 transfer volume is the relentless expansion by hyperscalers. These large-scale cloud infrastructure operators—such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Meta—are building global networks optimized for massive compute and storage needs, particularly for AI, real-time analytics, and edge services. Hyperscaling demands vast address space to support seamless operations across globally distributed data centers. Despite the rise of IPv6, IPv4 remains essential for compatibility, reduced latency, and lower complexity in hybrid environments. Hyperscalers tend to acquire large, contiguous blocks to streamline routing and simplify operational architecture—creating sustained, non-cyclical demand for IPv4 assets even as other parts of the market fluctuate. Demand for IPv4 Blocks Shows No Signs of Slowing IPv4 continues to play a central role in enabling growth. It’s not just about basic connectivity—it’s about building networks that can scale efficiently and reliably. As broadband infrastructure continues to expand, IPv4 demand is climbing—especially in markets that remain largely IPv4-native, including rural areas and emerging economies. The durability of the IPv4 market reflects the realities of modern digital infrastructure. In an environment where organizations prioritize speed to market, cost control, and operational dependability, IPv4 stands as a proven solution. Even with higher hardware costs and delayed grant funding, network operators are moving forward—and many see IPv4 as the most stable investment in uncertain times. In a volatile year marked by policy shifts and budget reevaluations, IPv4 remains a predictable and strategic asset. Key Trends to Watch in the IPv4 Space This Quarter As we enter the second half of 2025, several key dynamics will shape the IPv4 transfer market: BEAD Restructuring & Funding Acceleration: States may begin disbursing funds more rapidly now that new NTIA guidance is in place. This could reignite IPv4 demand among regional ISPs. Starlink & Federal Policy: Ongoing speculation around satellite broadband funding—especially involving Elon Musk’s Starlink and shifting relationships with the White House—could reshape who needs IPv4 and when. AI & Hyperscaler Expansion: The ongoing AI boom continues to drive infrastructure buildouts, increasing the need for scalable, low-latency networks—many of which still rely on IPv4 for core functions. While June’s surge suggests the market is stabilizing, future growth will depend on policy clarity, funding execution, and continued infrastructure buildout by both hyperscalers and regional operators. More on BEAD and Broadband BEAD Rule Changes: Everything you need to know More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-07-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/07/july-ipv4-market-requests-stay-steady/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Brander Group, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Hyperscalers, IPv4, Market Insights, Market Trends, Starlink ARIN IPv4 transfer requests in 2025 show consistent demand. Despite short-term dips, enterprises and ISPs continue to drive the market. IPv4 Market Demonstrates Stability Amid Regulatory and Economic Turbulence The internet infrastructure sector continues to face external pressure — from shifting regulations and delayed government funding to rising hardware costs and geopolitical uncertainty. Yet demand for IPv4 address space remains strong. So far in 2025, the IPv4 transfer market has shown steady performance. ARIN data puts the monthly average at 146 requests — nearly even with 2024, slightly ahead of 2023, and well above 2022. That volume mirrors 2021 levels, when prices hit record highs. In a cyclical market, this consistency matters. Despite BEAD delays and broader economic concerns, organizations are pressing forward with infrastructure plans — and IPv4 remains core to that strategy. Key sectors continue to drive demand. Regional ISPs are planning for growth. Hyperscalers are scaling address space to support AI and cloud platforms. Enterprises are securing IP blocks ahead of potential regulatory changes. There’s no retreat — only acceleration. Two months stand out: February and June. February saw a surge as new budgets were deployed and buyers moved early. June marked a rebound after a slower May, reflecting improved confidence around pricing and policy timelines. This is the expected rhythm of a mature, asset-backed market. The IPv4 market has moved past a reactive mindset. Buyers aren’t waiting for ideal conditions — they’re acting when timing and strategy align. That’s operational maturity. July confirmed the trend: 222 total requests, including 149 specified (8. 3) transfers. Direct transactions continue to dominate. And despite expected monthly fluctuations, demand remains consistently high. Importantly, this demand is functional — not speculative. IPv4 is still the backbone of global infrastructure, and it will remain so until a fully scalable alternative is in place. IPv6 adoption continues at a slow pace, and dual-stack environments are still the norm. Looking ahead, the outlook remains solid. Budget cycles and policy changes may shift timing, but the fundamentals are clear: IPv4 demand is persistent, practical, and strategic. In a year defined by uncertainty, the IPv4 market stands out for its reliability — a sign not just of stability, but of enduring value. More on BEAD and Broadband BEAD Rule Changes: Everything you need to know More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-06-11 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/06/bead-rule-changes-what-isps-should-know/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Federal Funding, NTIA, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband NTIA rewrites BEAD rules, eliminating fiber preference and labor mandates, forcing states to resubmit broadband plans within 90 days. NTIA Overhauls $42. 5B BEAD Program, Forcing States to Resubmit Broadband Plans New rules strip fiber preference, broaden tech eligibility, and spark industry backlash over economic and legal consequences. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has officially upended the $42. 5 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. NTIA released sweeping changes, rescinding all previously approved state proposals and forcing every state and territory to resubmit plans within 90 days. The move, outlined in a newly released Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO), eliminates the program’s longstanding preference for end-to-end fiber networks. Instead, a “priority broadband project” is now defined by performance — offering at least 100/20 Mbps speeds with latency at or below 100 milliseconds — regardless of the underlying technology. In a sweeping reset, NTIA invalidated previously approved proposals from Louisiana, Nevada, and Delaware, requiring states to conduct another round of subgrantee selections aimed at identifying the lowest-cost providers. The updated guidance also allows broadband providers using fully unlicensed wireless spectrum — previously disqualified under Biden-era rules — to compete for BEAD funding. The changes have been met with fierce criticism from policy experts, industry stakeholders, and labor advocates, who say the new rules abandon key goals around economic equity, workforce development, and digital infrastructure resilience. “The deed is done,” said New Street Research analyst Blair Levin. “There is a distinct possibility that in many places wireline enterprises simply will not bid. ” Levin also warned that satellite operators like Starlink and Amazon’s Kuiper may “cherry pick locations,” disrupting terrestrial broadband buildouts. Meanwhile, tensions between Elon Musk and former President Trump could complicate federal support for Starlink deployments, depending on White House signals. Starlink, and Concerns About Favoritism The new BEAD rules could significantly benefit satellite providers like Starlink by allowing broader eligibility for low-earth orbit (LEO) systems, including those using unlicensed spectrum. With the fiber preference removed, Starlink can now compete more aggressively for public broadband funds—especially in rural areas where wired infrastructure is cost-prohibitive. However, this shift raises concerns about fairness and potential favoritism. Critics warn that LEO providers could “cherry-pick” lucrative, easy-to-serve locations, leaving harder-to-reach areas underserved. Additionally, given Elon Musk’s high-profile political entanglements and relationships with federal officials, this raises concerns about conflicts of interest in funding decisions. Lawsuits and Legal Uncertainty Some stakeholders are considering legal action to block the changes. Levin suggested rural wireline carriers may view the new rules as an “existential threat” and seek to delay or stop implementation in court. Still, he acknowledged that states eager to launch their broadband rollouts may resist further holdups, especially as most BEAD-funded projects are unlikely to break ground until 2026. “The broadband Groundhog Day no one asked for. ”– Alexis Schrubbe, Internet Innovation Initiative Alexis Schrubbe, director at the Internet Innovation Initiative, described the NTIA’s about-face as “the broadband Groundhog Day no one asked for. ” “States that prioritized community-driven networks, built local partnerships, and ran extensive outreach now face immense sunk costs,” she wrote. Labor and Policy Rollbacks Among the biggest reversals: the NOFO eliminates requirements related to workforce development, climate resiliency, and affordable broadband pricing — hallmarks of the Biden administration’s initial broadband strategy. Although subgrantees must still offer a low-cost option, NTIA now bars states from setting specific pricing levels for those plans. The Communications Workers of America (CWA) called the rollback of labor requirements a step backward for both workforce development and quality job creation. “This will hinder states’ ability to appropriately manage local workforce needs,”– The Communications Workers of America (CWA) union said in a statement. Drew Garner of the Benton Institute warned that the NTIA’s “shortsighted” guidance could hurt rural economic development and weaken U. S. global competitiveness. “China and Europe are going all in on fiber,” he noted, “while we’re choosing the cheapest option. ” Fixed Wireless Gains Ground The revised NOFO dramatically expands eligibility for fixed wireless access (FWA) providers, including Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) operating entirely on unlicensed spectrum — a class of deployment the Biden administration previously deemed unreliable. While the new rules may expand competition, they could also complicate state broadband mapping. States will need to consult FCC data to determine if any unlicensed FWA providers already serve BEAD-eligible areas, potentially redrawing coverage maps and shrinking the pool of locations available for grants. In Levin’s view, “this will reduce the potential market size for all bidders. ” With every state back at the starting line, the NTIA’s BEAD reboot marks a dramatic and controversial inflection point in the nation’s broadband strategy — one that could define digital infrastructure for years to come. More on BEAD and Broadband NTIA’s newly released Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-25 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/what-is-icann/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: DNS, IP Addresses, IP Transfers, IPv4, IPv6, Top Level Domain ICANN is a non-profit, private, and international organization responsible for maintaining and coordinating the unique identifiers essential for the global internet Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)1 is a non-profit, private, and international organization responsible for maintaining and coordinating the unique identifiers essential for the global internet. ICANN plays a critical role in the functioning of the internet by managing IP address allocation, domain name systems (DNS), protocol parameters, and root server systems. Pronounced “EYE-can”, ICANN was established in 1998 to take over responsibilities previously handled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which operated under contract with the U. S. government. ICANN’s Core Responsibilities ICANN is central to the technical operation of the internet and is responsible for: IP Address Allocation: Distributes IPv4 and IPv6 addresses through five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Domain Name System (DNS) Management: Oversees the top-level domains (TLDs) and accredits registrars who sell domain names. Protocol Parameter Assignment: Maintains internet protocol identifiers like port numbers and Autonomous System (AS) numbers. Root Server System Management: Ensures the stability of the root name server infrastructure. Top-Level Domain (TLD) Management: Administers both generic (gTLD) and country-code TLDs (ccTLDs). These functions are critical for keeping the internet globally connected and stable. Why ICANN is Important ICANN operates under a public-private partnership model and serves a global community of stakeholders. Its responsibilities are carried out with the goals of: Maintaining internet stability Encouraging competition and innovation Promoting bottom-up, consensus-driven processes Ensuring broad representation in decision-making The organization manages over 180 million domain names and more than 4 billion IP addresses across 240 countries. ICANN’s Structure and Governance Board of Directors: Includes 16 voting members and 4 non-voting liaisons. Most are nominated by various ICANN constituencies. Leadership: Includes a President and CEO who serve on the board. Multistakeholder Model: ICANN’s decisions are guided by input from governments, businesses, technical experts, civil society, and users. ICANN's Accountability Model ICANN enforces transparency and accountability through: Public Accountability: Engages stakeholders and shares operational details openly. Corporate & Legal Accountability: Meets its legal and contractual obligations. Community Accountability: Responds to feedback and needs of its global internet community. Transparency is maintained by publishing meeting documents, reports, and review findings—except where confidentiality is required (e. g. , employee records or sensitive government discussions). ICANN Fees and Funding Domain registrars pay ICANN the following fees: Annual Accreditation Fee: $4,000 per registrar Variable Fees: Quarterly payments based on ICANN’s shared service costs Transaction Fees: $0. 18 per domain transaction (registration, renewal, or transfer) These fees support ICANN’s operations independently of government contracts. History and Milestones 1983 - IANA established under Jon Postel for IP address management. 1998 - ICANN formed as a non-profit to take over IANA responsibilities. 2000 - ICANN signs contract with the U. S. Dept. of Commerce. 2000–2002 - First gTLD expansion (7 new domains). 2003–2011 - Second gTLD expansion (7 more domains). 2012–2017 - Third expansion (over 1,200 new gTLDs). 2016 - U. S. government ends direct oversight of ICANN. 2017 - ICANN transitions to fully global, multistakeholder governance. ICANN and the IANA Transition In 2016, oversight of the IANA functions officially transitioned from the U. S. Department of Commerce’s NTIA to ICANN. The transition was designed to: Strengthen multistakeholder governance Maintain internet security and openness Promote global accountability The change was widely viewed as essential to keeping the internet free from centralized control by any one nation or entity. Criticism and Concerns ICANN has faced scrutiny over: The approval process for new gTLDs Whether alternate DNS roots should be recognized Transparency in decision-making Potential for increased influence by governments or corporations post-IANA transition There are ongoing concerns about how domain-level decisions could impact freedom of speech, press, and other civil liberties. Get Involved Stakeholders, including technologists, businesses, civil society, and individuals, can participate in ICANN through: Public comment periods Policy development processes Advisory committees and working groups Opportunities to volunteer, such as participating in DNS security reviews, are available to those with relevant expertise. Key Acronyms to Know DNS: Domain Name System – translates IP addresses into readable domain names. IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority2 – ICANN’s technical operations arm. NTIA: National Telecommunications and Information Administration – former U. S. oversight body. TLD: Top-Level Domain – suffixes like . com, . org, . uk, . mx, etc. Conclusion ICANN plays a vital role in ensuring that the internet remains a global, interoperable resource. Its multistakeholder approach to governance aims to balance the interests of users, businesses, governments, and technologists worldwide—supporting a stable and secure internet infrastructure for all. More Info on ICANN --- - Published: 2025-05-21 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/texas-3-8b-bead-broadband-funding-round/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: BEAD Funding, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Texas launches $3.8 billion broadband grant window, combining BEAD and TMAP funding to expand rural access and support small providers Texas Opens $3. 8 Billion Broadband Grant Window AUSTIN, Texas — Texas officially launched its $3. 8 billion broadband grant application window on Thursday, inviting internet service providers, cooperatives, and other stakeholders to apply for funding through the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program and the Texas Match Assistance Program (TMAP). The application window will run from June 12 through August 1, 2025, according to a notice released by the Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO). Applicants must register through the state’s BEAD portal by the August 1 deadline. The state received $3. 3 billion in federal funding under the BEAD program and is contributing an additional $500 million through TMAP, which helps applicants meet federal matching requirements—a provision especially important for smaller, rural providers. The rollout comes amid an ongoing dispute between Texas officials and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), which oversees the BEAD program. Texas leaders, including State Comptroller Glenn Hegar, have called on the NTIA to loosen requirements related to low-cost broadband offerings, a fiber preference, and prevailing wage rules. In a February letter to Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Hegar urged changes to what he called "overly restrictive" federal mandates. The state even offered to return $1 billion of its BEAD allocation and voluntarily suspended its $55. 6 million Digital Equity program prior to the federal government pulling related grants, citing concerns over wasted applicant resources. With new federal guidance expected soon, the Texas BDO noted in its Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) that it may revise its solicitation terms midstream. Any NTIA program changes will be incorporated via an addendum, meaning the rules could shift even after the application period begins. Stakeholders have until May 29, 2025 to submit questions about the NOFA through the BDO’s official website. More on Texas Broadband Follow Texas BEAD news at the Texas Broadband Development Office More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-17 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/pennsylvanias-1-16b-bead-funds-delayed/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Federal Agencies, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Pennsylvania's $1.16 billion broadband expansion stalls amid federal rewrites and political uncertainty, and is delayed until 2026 Pennsylvania's Broadband Expansion Delayed by Federal Shake-Up Hopes for expanding high-speed internet access across Pennsylvania have been put on hold as the federal government reworks guidelines for the nation’s landmark broadband infrastructure program — a delay that’s causing confusion, frustration, and rising costs in rural communities still waiting to get online. Originally unveiled in 2022 as part of the Biden Administration’s sweeping $42. 45 billion “Internet for All” initiative, the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program aimed to bridge the digital divide by 2030. Pennsylvania was set to receive $1. 16 billion to help connect 160,000 homes and businesses that lack adequate service, with contract awards expected before the end of 2025. Now, those plans are delayed at least a year. The U. S. Department of Commerce is rewriting the program’s rules, effectively forcing states and contractors to restart bidding processes already underway — a move that could add months, if not more, to an already slow rollout. Trump Threatens Program Amid Political Tensions Adding to the uncertainty, former President Donald Trump, in a social media post last week, threatened to scrap the program entirely if reelected, calling it “racist” and “totally unconstitutional. ” While his remarks carry no immediate policy implications, they have fueled concerns that political pressure could derail or further delay implementation. “This program was designed to close the digital divide once and for all,” said Evan Feinman, former director of the BEAD initiative. “Now, everything is being rebid and reconsidered. That’s going to mean serious delays for states that have already spent time and resources building their plans. ” Pennsylvania, with its rugged terrain and wide rural stretches, has long faced challenges in building out broadband infrastructure. In areas like Fayette County — where roughly 8,000 locations have no or poor service — local officials are eager to move forward. State Waits as New Rules Take Shape “We’ve got a solid plan, and we’re ready to go,” said Commissioner Vince Vicites. “We’re going to make this happen one way or another. ” But that momentum has stalled. The Pennsylvania Broadband Development Authority (PBDA) has paused its final funding request while awaiting updated federal guidance, saying it wants to avoid further setbacks that could come with a rejected proposal. The PBDA said it's prepared to adjust as needed to comply with new rules, including a significant policy shift announced in January. The Commerce Department has dropped the Biden-era preference for fiber optic networks in favor of including more satellite connections — particularly in remote areas where fiber installation is impractical. That change could benefit companies like Elon Musk’s Starlink, which offers low-earth orbit satellite service. In Pennsylvania, the PBDA estimates about 15,000 locations are too remote for fiber installation. But experts caution that satellite internet is typically slower, more expensive, and less durable than fiber — with average costs more than double and equipment needing replacement every few years. Experts Warn of Slower, Costlier Internet “It’s a major step backward,” Feinman warned. “Fiber is faster, more reliable, and longer-lasting. Replacing that with satellite undermines the quality of service people can expect. ” Meanwhile, cost pressures are mounting. Pennsylvania’s prevailing wage laws, which date back to the 1960s, require contractors on publicly funded projects to pay fiber optic installers at rates equivalent to electric linemen — a classification the industry argues is outdated and inflated. Trade groups say a more accurate job classification could slash installation costs by over 50%, stretching limited state and federal dollars further. Companies large and small are now left waiting to see whether it’s worth reapplying. Hickory Telephone Co. , a century-old provider in Washington County, was one of many that submitted bids under the old guidelines. Industry Frustration and Community Impact “Putting together the application was a big investment,” said CEO Brian Jeffers. “And now, we don’t know if we’ll have to start all over again. But it’s not about us — it’s about the people who still don’t have internet access. They need it now. ” As Pennsylvania waits for federal clarity, advocates say both the state and the country risk falling further behind in the race to bring reliable internet to every household. “We’re in a holding pattern,” said Sascha Meinrath, a telecommunications policy expert at Penn State. “At both the state and federal level, we’ve lost momentum — and we don’t have the time to waste. ” More on Public Broadband News about Pennsylvania's BEAD program from Texas Broadband Development Office More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-08 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/indiana-340-million-bead-funds-to-broadband-expansion/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Grants, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Indiana awards $340M in BEAD funds to push 400+ fiber projects, expanding broadband to 90,000 underserved locations Over 400 Projects Funded, Covering 70% of Eligible Locations The Indiana Broadband Office has preliminarily awarded $340 million in Round 1 of the BEAD program, funding more than 400 fiber projects across the state. These projects will bring high-speed internet to over 90,000 locations—roughly 70% of Indiana’s eligible areas—using cost-effective, 100% fiber solutions. With just 40% of BEAD funding allocated so far, even greater opportunities lie ahead in Round 2. The Indiana Broadband Office (IBO) has announced the preliminary funding awards for Round 1 of the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. A total of $340 million has been allocated to 24 providers to support over 400 projects across the state. These deployments will deliver fiber broadband to more than 90,000 addresses—approximately 70% of Indiana’s currently eligible unserved and underserved locations. All Round 1 projects will use fiber technology and were selected based on cost-efficiency, with an average subsidy of approximately $3,700 per passing. So far, the IBO has committed 40% of its total BEAD funding, with 60% remaining for future rounds. Next Steps for Providers The IBO will now work with providers to define project areas using the remaining eligible locations for Round 2. Final award approvals are expected later this year, following provisional approval by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Digital Opportunity Applications Open April 30 In addition to BEAD, the Digital Opportunity grant program opens for applications on April 30, 2025. Providers interested in applying should review the guidance and FAQ documents provided by the state and ensure they are registered at SAM. gov to obtain a Unique Entity ID (UEI), which is required for all federal funding recipients. Two public webinars will be held in May and June to assist applicants in understanding program requirements. More on Public Broadband Follow Indiana Broadband - Indiana's BEAD office – for news and updates More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-05 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/tennessee-704-million-bead-program-attracts-298-applications/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Broadband providers request $704M in BEAD funds to boost Tennessee internet infrastructure, led by AT&T, Comcast, and Amazon Kuiper. The Tennessee BEAD program is drawing big interest from ISPs statewide, with nearly $705 million in funding requests submitted in the first round—just shy of the state's $813 million allocation. Tennessee's first round of Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) funding is off to a strong start. The Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development (TNECD) announced it has received 298 applications from broadband providers, seeking a combined $704. 3 million in funding—nearly the full amount of the state’s $813 million BEAD allocation. Applications cover 174 of the state’s 178 Project Area Units (PAUs), signaling robust participation from providers of all sizes and technologies. Big players are stepping up: AT&T tops the list with a request for $195. 3 million to deploy fiber across 28 PAUs. Comcast isn’t far behind, asking for $181. 5 million for fiber builds in 27 PAUs. Amazon’s Project Kuiper, pitching its low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite service, submitted applications for 141 PAUs, requesting $65. 7 million—a move that underscores growing interest in non-terrestrial solutions. Other notable applicants include: United Communications: $80. 6M (fiber) Brightspeed: $37. 2M (fiber) Volunteer Energy Cooperative: $27. 5M (fiber) Spectrum Southeast: $27. 2M (fiber) IBT Group USA: $13. 9M (fixed wireless) Ben Lomand Communications: $13. 6M (fiber) Greeneville Energy Authority: $15. 1M (fiber) Zentell Telecommunications: $4. 6M (fixed wireless) This first-round demand reflects not only the scale of unserved and underserved areas in Tennessee, but also how seriously ISPs are approaching the opportunity to expand their networks with BEAD support. A mix of large national carriers, regional fiber providers, municipal utilities, and even satellite and fixed wireless operators are in the hunt—making Tennessee a state to watch as the BEAD process unfolds. Tennessee's Broadband Accessibility Map, showing BEAD-eligible areas in the state. Providers can reference the state’s BEAD map to view application coverage areas. For more detailed information on Tennessee’s broadband initiatives, visit the Tennessee State Broadband Office. More on Public Broadband Tennessee Broadband Accessibility Map More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-04 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/oklahomas-148m-fiber-only-bead-applications/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Oklahoma opens BEAD Pool 1 for fiber broadband projects; additional funding pools and scoring details announced ahead of May 26 deadline Oklahoma Pushes BEAD Fiber Program Deadline to May 26 2025 Oklahoma has officially opened its application window for the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program Pool 1. This round focuses exclusively on fiber projects. Applications opened yesterday and will remain open through May 26. More application windows are just around the corner. Pool 2, which supports non-fiber technologies, opens April 28. For Pool 3, the focus is fiber in remaining areas, and starts May 5. Pool 4, which targets other reliable technologies in those same areas, launches May 12. All four pools close on May 26. The state will award points based on specific criteria. The primary scoring system totals 140 points. Key categories include: Outlay per location after match (up to 65 points) Affordability (up to 44 points) Fair labor practices (up to 11 points) Lower costs per location earn higher scores. For example, applicants spending under $1,000 per location after match get the full 65 points. As costs rise, scores drop accordingly. A $15,000+ spend resets the score to 32. 5 points. Affordability matters, too. A monthly rate under $30 earns all 44 points. Higher rates receive fewer points, with no points given for plans over $100. Applicants can also gain points through fair labor practices. Full compliance over the past five years, plus a strong commitment to continuing that compliance, secures the full 11 points. Scoring Criteria Secondary criteria add another 40 points. These include: Speed of deployment (up to 8 points) Sustainability (up to 10 points) Local and Tribal coordination (up to 6 points) Low-cost service options (up to 7 points) Speed and latency (up to 9 points) A wide range of groups can apply. Eligible entities include cooperatives, nonprofits, private companies, public utilities, local governments, and more. Oklahoma continues to invest heavily in broadband. Just last September, the state approved over $148 million in expansion projects. Those 45 projects are backed by the American Rescue Plan Act’s Capital Project Funds. More on Public Broadband Application Details available at the Oklahoma Broadband Office More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-05-02 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/05/oregon-opens-689m-bead-grant-applications/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Oregon Broadband Office begins BEAD grant applications, distributing $689M to improve internet infrastructure in the state Business Oregon opens $689M BEAD funding Window The state of Oregon has officially opened the application window for broadband service providers (BSPs) and other eligible entities seeking funding through the federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. This major broadband initiative, administered locally by the Oregon Broadband Office (OBO), marks a pivotal step in closing the digital divide across the state. The federal government awarded Oregon $688. 9 million in BEAD funding. The money will support high-speed internet projects in unserved and underserved areas. Unserved means speeds of 25/3 Mbps or less; underserved means between 25/3 and 100/20 Mbps. Projects must include a 25% local match. The BEAD application window is now open and will close on May 22 at 5 p. m. PT. Oregon’s BEAD program is administered by Business Oregon through its Oregon Broadband Office Who Can Apply Eligible applicants include a broad range of entities such as cooperatives, nonprofit organizations, public-private partnerships, private companies, utilities (both public and private), public utility districts, and local governments. How Projects Will Be Scored According to a funding alert from the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative (NRTC), Oregon’s BEAD applications will be scored on a 100-point scale. Key evaluation criteria include: Minimal BEAD Outlay (up to 40 points): Based on the amount of federal funding requested Affordability (up to 20 points): Applicants offering 1 Gbps service at or below $84. 94 per month will score higher Fair Labor Practices (up to 15 points) Speed of Deployment (up to 2 points) Community Support (up to 10 points): Full points require support from at least 50% of local or Tribal governments in the grant area Connection to Community Anchor Institutions (up to 13 points): Including libraries, schools, healthcare facilities, and other public service hubs Eligible project costs may include construction, facility improvements, and acquisition of telecommunications infrastructure. More Than Just BEAD Oregon supports broadband access through several major initiatives. These include the BEAD program, the Capital Projects Fund, and the Digital Equity Act. Together, they promote digital inclusion and strengthen infrastructure across the state. Oregon's BEAD Challenge Map Oregon has developed a BEAD Challenge Process Map to help applicants and communities better understand eligibility and opportunity areas. This interactive map identifies locations classified as unserved or underserved, enabling stakeholders to verify data, challenge classifications, and ensure funding targets the communities most in need. More News about BEAD and Public Broadband Details about submissions and Oregon BEAD at Business Oregon For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs --- - Published: 2025-04-30 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/idahos-43-prequalified-applicants-for-583m-bead-funding/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Idaho prequalifies 43 broadband providers, including major telecoms and regional co-ops, for the next phase of their $583M BEAD funding Idaho Announces 43 Prequalified Applicants for BEAD Broadband Funding Boise, Idaho — The Idaho Broadband Office has released a list of 43 organizations approved in the prequalification phase of the state’s Broadband, Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. The approvals were selected from 45 applications and represent a significant step toward expanding high-speed internet access throughout the state. Prequalification does not guarantee final selection for funding, but it allows these organizations to submit project proposals once Idaho releases its BEAD application guidelines. The proposal window will remain open for 45 days following that release. The state and its third-party consultants reviewed all submissions, including Tribal governments, public entities, and telecom providers. Thirteen applicants received provisional approval, meaning they have minor outstanding requirements to fulfill within 90 to 120 days. The Idaho Office of Broadband (IOB), operating under the Idaho Department of Commerce, is responsible for managing the state's Broadband, Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program The Prequalified Applicants Among the 43 approved entities, notable national and statewide providers include: Large ISPs and Providers: Amazon Kuiper Commercial Services, LLC Charter Spectrum Cox Communications SpaceX Ziply Fiber (including four regional Ziply entities)* Blackfoot Communications Fatbeam, LLC Anthem Broadband Intermax Networks Inland Cellular In addition to these larger providers, 13 small regional telecoms and cooperatives were approved. Small Regional Telecoms & Cooperatives: All West Communications Inc. ATC Communications Inc. Blackfoot (formerly Fremont Telcom Co. ) Custer Telephone Cooperative Inc. Direct Communications Rockland Inc. Farmers Mutual Telephone Co. FyberCom Midvale Telephone Co. Millennium Networks, LLC Mud Lake Telephone Cooperative Assoc Inc. Project Mutual Telephone Cooperative Assoc Inc. Rally Networks (formerly Oregon Telephone Corp. ) RTI (Rural Telecom Inc. ) These providers are typically more localized, serving rural and remote communities in Idaho. Their participation is essential to the BEAD program's goal of closing the digital divide in hard-to-reach areas. Tribal Governments Tribal governments also had strong representation, with the Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Nez Perce Tribe, Shoshone Bannock Tribes, and Shoshone Paiute Tribes all earning prequalification status. *Provisional approval granted Idaho's Broadband Locations and BEAD Eligibility map, from Link Up Idaho, on ArcGIS Scoring and What’s Next As Idaho prepares to open its BEAD application phase in the second quarter of 2025, the state has reiterated its proposal scoring criteria. Key factors include the amount of matching funds, cost-effectiveness, affordability, deployment speed, and commitments to labor standards and community coordination — with specific point allocations for each. The Idaho Broadband Office encourages all prequalified applicants to prepare their proposals and monitor the state’s broadband resources for forthcoming updates. Full program details and ongoing coverage can be found on the Link Up Idaho page from the Idaho Commerce Department. More on Public Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-28 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/telecom-at-risk-addressing-evolving-cyber-threats/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: Cybersecurity, Hackers, Network Infrastructure, Regulation, Security, Telecommunications Telecom companies face rising cyber threats and espionage, requiring cybersecurity strategies to protect infrastructure, data, and reputation As threats escalate, telecom providers must take proactive steps to protect critical infrastructure Telecommunications as a Target In April 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined several major U. S. wireless carriers a total of $196 million for mishandling customer location data and failing to implement reasonable cybersecurity measures. Later that year, T-Mobile agreed to a $31. 5 million settlement following a series of data breaches—half earmarked to bolster its cybersecurity systems, and half paid as a civil penalty. The telecom industry is now a top target for increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. Recent high-profile attacks and data breaches have exposed serious vulnerabilities. As a result, telecom providers are facing greater regulatory scrutiny, costly fines, service disruptions, and reputational damage. At the same time, rising global tensions—from the war in Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East to growing friction between Taiwan and China—are fueling concerns about state-sponsored cyberattacks. These threats are no longer hypothetical. Given telecom’s critical role across nearly every industry, its stability is now a key component of national security. Espionage and sabotage In 2024, at least nine telecom providers, including AT&T and Verizon, were reportedly breached by Chinese hackers tied to the Salt Typhoon espionage campaign. The attack sought access to sensitive customer data, intellectual property, and confidential communications—particularly those of political figures. The threat extends beyond information theft: experts warn that such actors could potentially disable ports, power grids, and other key U. S. infrastructure. The physical components of telecom networks are also under threat. Undersea internet cables, data centers, and energy nodes are increasingly vulnerable to sabotage. Recent incidents have involved vessels linked to Russia and China damaging transoceanic cables—tactics consistent with hybrid warfare strategies that offer plausible deniability. As the threat landscape evolves, so must your defenses. RSM’s cybersecurity and data privacy consultants help organizations identify specific vulnerabilities, integrate security into business operations, and make smarter risk-based decisions. A proactive approach can protect your customers, operations, and brand reputation. Bar chart showing sharp increases in U. S. internet crime complaints and financial losses from 2019 to 2023, based on FBI data. More attacks, higher costs The number and complexity of cyberattacks has surged over the past five years. The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center received an average of 758,000 complaints per year from 2019 to 2023. In 2023 alone, reported losses totaled $12. 5 billion. Data breaches have seen the steepest rise, both in frequency and cost. For telecom providers, protecting customer data is not only a regulatory imperative—it’s a competitive differentiator. In a highly saturated market, consumer trust is critical. Customers want assurance that their information is secure. A breach can jeopardize long-term loyalty and revenue. Regulatory changes Historically, telecom companies have not faced the same level of mandatory cybersecurity requirements as sectors like finance and healthcare. But that’s changing. In response to the Salt Typhoon attacks, the FCC introduced new rules in January 2025 requiring carriers to secure their networks against unauthorized access and to certify the existence of a formal cybersecurity risk management plan. Several federal programs have also introduced cybersecurity requirements: Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program (2021): Requires telecom projects to include cybersecurity and supply chain risk management plans in line with Executive Order 14028 and NIST guidance. Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act (2019): Pressures providers to remove and replace equipment from vendors such as Huawei and ZTE to reduce foreign surveillance and interference risks. Next steps for telecom companies As geopolitical tensions rise and trade disputes intensify, telecom companies face a growing risk of unconventional, state-sponsored cyberattacks. The nation’s telecommunications infrastructure is a high-value target—and defending it is a shared responsibility between the public and private sectors. Consequentially, telecom leaders must act decisively. That means investing in modern cybersecurity infrastructure, establishing comprehensive risk management strategies, and staying ahead of emerging threats. In this environment, preparedness isn’t optional—it’s a strategic imperative. Key takeaways: Cyberattacks and data privacy breaches can trigger costly fines and damage brand reputation. Telecommunications networks are a top target for foreign adversaries. Proactive cybersecurity strategies are essential for telecom providers. We specialize in Network Security Our trusted advisors to help you make unbiased decisions from over 600+ providers. Create a truly supplier agnostic strategy that benefits your company --- - Published: 2025-04-25 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/brightspeed-granted-31-2m-to-expand-nc-fiber-network/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Fiber, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Brightspeed granted $31M in state funding to expand fiber broadband across NC, reaching 18,000+ underserved homes and businesses Bringing high-speed internet to rural communities in North Carolina Brightspeed is getting a major boost to expand its fiber internet service across North Carolina. The company has secured $31. 2 million in state funding through the Completing Access to Broadband (CAB) program. It will contribute an additional $13 million of its own to the buildout. The project will bring high-speed fiber to more than 18,000 homes and businesses in underserved parts of the state. Targeting rural and underserved areas The expansion will focus on rural and suburban regions, especially in eastern and central North Carolina. Some of the largest counties in the project include: Wake County (urban, home to Raleigh) Cumberland County (urban, home to Fayetteville) Pitt County (suburban, includes Greenville) Onslow County (suburban, includes Jacksonville) Nash County (rural/suburban, near Rocky Mount) Other rural counties in the plan include Dare, Greene, Pamlico, Vance, and Tyrrell, among others. Steve Brewer, Brightspeed’s regional director of government affairs, said the goal is to connect more people who currently lack fast, reliable internet. “We’re already reaching more than 430,000 locations in the state,” Brewer said. “This lets us push even farther into areas that have long been left behind. ” Brightspeed Gets $31. 2M to Expand North Carolina Fiber Network North Carolina's CAB and BEAD Work Together North Carolina’s CAB program is designed to work hand-in-hand with the federal BEAD (Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment) program. CAB focuses on accelerating internet expansion in areas where immediate buildout is possible, while BEAD is a longer-term, federally funded effort to reach every unserved location. By combining both programs, the state is ensuring that funding flows quickly and strategically, closing gaps without duplication and helping providers like Brightspeed deploy infrastructure more efficiently. With this new award and others from the GREAT grant program, Brightspeed has secured $218. 6 million in public funding in North Carolina alone. Combined with private investment, the company says it plans to reach nearly 899,000 locations in the state. Nationally, Brightspeed has brought in over $270 million in broadband grants. That includes its first BEAD grant in Louisiana and planned expansions across 14 states, adding 139,000 more locations to its fiber network. More on Public Broadband North Carolina's Broadband Map of eligible sites and progress More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-23 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/michigans-1-5-billion-bead-funding-broadband-expansion/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Michigan’s $1.5 Billion BEAD funded broadband expansion hits milestone with 392 BEAD applications to expand into rural areas Michigan’s broadband expansion gets 392 applications Round 1 of Michigan’s Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program drew 392 applications, targeting over 193,000 of the state’s 248,000 eligible addresses. But 55,000 locations remain uncovered. Michigan is making significant progress toward expanding broadband access, but challenges remain. The Michigan High-Speed Internet Office (MIHI) has confirmed that 392 applications were submitted in Round 1 of the state’s BEAD program, aiming to connect 193,000 unserved or underserved locations. That total represents roughly two-thirds of the 248,000 eligible locations identified by the state. The remaining 55,000 sites are not yet covered by any application—prompting concern that some communities may be left behind if future rounds or adjustments aren't made. MIHI is now reviewing and “deconflicting” the proposals, meaning they are resolving any overlaps in coverage between applicants. A spokesperson said funding totals will be disclosed after the review process, and that applicants will be contacted once evaluations are complete. Key points from Michigan’s BEAD rollout so far: Total funding: Michigan will receive $1. 559 billion through the federal BEAD program. Round 1 response: 392 applications were submitted. Coverage so far: Over 193,000 addresses are included in at least one application. Remaining gap: 55,000 eligible addresses are not yet claimed. New scoring rules: NTIA recently approved a scoring change, allowing proposals to pass with 25% of total possible points, regardless of category-specific performance. Michigan’s BEAD program isn’t the state’s only broadband effort. The Realizing Opportunity with Broadband Infrastructure Networks (ROBIN) program is already delivering results. As of late 2023, ROBIN had funded broadband access to more than 10,000 addresses. Michigan's Broadband Map of eligible sites and rollout progress. ROBIN program highlights: Round 1 (October 2023): $166 million in grants and $133 million in matching funds, reaching 55,425 unserved locations. Round 2: $71. 8 million in grant funds awarded to 17 projects from seven applicants, with $86. 4 million in matching funds. Together, BEAD and ROBIN are helping Michigan close its digital divide, especially in rural and underserved areas. Still, officials and advocates are watching closely to ensure no communities are left without the infrastructure they need to participate in the modern economy. More on Public Broadband Michigan's Broadband Map of eligible sites and progress Our March 2023 update on Michigan BEAD More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-21 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/cogent-raises-174m-by-securitizing-ipv4-addresses/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Brander Group, Cogent, IPv4, Securitizing IPv4 Cogent raises $174 million by securitizing its IPv4 address blocks and leases, creating a new financial model for digital infrastructure Cogent Becomes First to Securitize IPv4 Addresses, Unlocking $174 Million As first reported in April 2024 by Brander Group, Cogent Communications (NASDAQ: CCOI) has completed a landmark financial transaction by securitizing its IPv4 address assets, raising $174. 4 million through a structured debt offering. the company has been exploring ways to monetize its digital infrastructure in new ways. The deal marks the first time a major internet service provider has used IP address blocks as collateral in a securitization. The offering, made through a bankruptcy-remote subsidiary, is backed by Cogent’s IPv4 address holdings, associated customer leases, and receivables. Key Details of the Offering The notes, priced at a 6. 646% interest rate, have a five-year expected repayment term and were offered exclusively to qualified institutional investors under Rule 144A and Regulation D. The company stated that proceeds would be used for general corporate purposes. Cogent retains operational control of the IPv4 addresses, which continue to support its core internet and private network services. Cogent Raises $174m by Securitizing IPv4 Addresses A New Approach to Monetizing Digital Infrastructure This transaction highlights how IPv4 addresses—once viewed purely as technical necessities—are now being recognized as financial assets. With market prices for IPv4 addresses holding steady between $25 and $35 per address and availability becoming more scarce, rare larger IPv4 address blocks are increasingly valuable. By securitizing a portion of these assets, Cogent has created a new pathway for telecom and tech companies to raise capital without selling equity or divesting physical infrastructure. Implications for the IPv4 Market For companies holding unused or lightly utilized IPv4 space, Cogent’s transaction may offer a blueprint. The securitization model turns address leases into predictable revenue streams, which can then support financing without losing ownership or disrupting ongoing network operations. Although the structure introduces debt and future repayment obligations, it offers financial flexibility at a time when capital markets are tightening for some sectors. Looking Ahead The deal represents roughly 6% of Cogent’s $2. 85 billion market cap, suggesting that IPv4 assets can represent meaningful value even at scale. Whether other providers follow suit remains to be seen, but Cogent’s move could accelerate financial innovation around internet infrastructure. With the transition to IPv6 still incomplete—and IPv4 remaining essential in many systems—the market for address space remains active. If demand holds and pricing remains stable, securitization may become a more common financing tool for asset-rich internet companies. --- - Published: 2025-04-18 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/south-carolina-broadband-access-progress/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband South Carolina is nearing full broadband coverage, with only a small percentage of homes and businesses still unserved or underserved South Carolina on the Verge of Ending the Digital Divide COLUMBIA, SC — South Carolina is nearing a major milestone in its quest to close the digital divide, with just 1. 1% of residential and 2. 9% of business Broadband Serviceable Locations (BSLs) left unserved or underserved across the state. The South Carolina Broadband Office (SCBBO) announced this week that only 28,724 locations remain without a reliable high-speed internet connection or a committed investment for one — a dramatic reduction from over 300,000 in 2021. Of the remaining locations, 21,466 are residential, 5,469 are businesses, and 1,789 are Community Anchor Institutions, such as libraries, schools, and healthcare centers. This progress is paving the way for South Carolina to become one of the first states in the nation to comprehensively close the digital divide — thanks to a combination of strategic funding, innovative planning, and collaborative public-private partnerships. BEAD Funding The next step in this transformative journey will be funded through the federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program, with $546. 5 million allocated to South Carolina by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). These funds are expected to support the final push in connecting every last BSL. “South Carolina is leading the charge in broadband expansion, bringing the internet to hundreds of thousands of homes, businesses, and communities,” said Governor Henry McMaster. “Through strategic investments and an innovative approach, we have made remarkable progress in just a few short years – and we will work to continue this momentum to ensure South Carolinians have the connectivity needed to thrive in today’s world. ” the South Carolina Broadband Office (SCBBO) administers the BEAD (Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment) program. The SCBBO operates under the South Carolina Office of Regulatory Staff (ORS) and is responsible for overseeing broadband expansion efforts across the state South Carolina’s broadband success is largely attributed to the SCBBO’s agile methodology — an approach inspired by the tech industry — which breaks down large-scale infrastructure goals into manageable, quickly executed projects. By using $400 million in American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds in multiple tranches and awarding 128 grants to 19 different Internet Service Providers, the SCBBO accelerated deployment and ensured accountability at every stage. “The agile methodology is central to the success of today’s software industry, and it turns out that it works phenomenally well for broadband deployment, too,” said Jim Stritzinger, Director of the SCBBO. “Nearly all of these newly constructed locations now have access to fiber, and we’re not slowing down. ” To bridge the final gap before BEAD funding kicks in, the SCBBO is re-investing unspent funds from under-budget ARPA projects to quickly connect more locations. As each project wraps up, eligible BSLs are removed from the BEAD scope — speeding up the process for those still waiting. Elected Officials Offer Praise U. S. Congressman James E. Clyburn, a longtime advocate for digital equity, praised the progress:“Every family in South Carolina deserves access to affordable, high-speed internet. Today’s announcement shows how South Carolina is carving a path as a national leader in closing the rural-urban divide. BEAD is the final piece of the puzzle. This investment is essential for the competitiveness of the entire state and to make sure no rural community is left behind. ” With BEAD’s main application phase on the horizon, South Carolina is poised to become a national model for broadband deployment. The final stretch is within reach — and for the Palmetto State, universal internet access is no longer a dream, but an imminent reality. For more information about South Carolina’s broadband programs, visit ors. sc. gov/broadband. More on Public Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/1-4b-bead-funding-now-open-in-alabama/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Network Infrastructure, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband ADECA launches $1.4B BEAD funding round to support last-mile Alabama broadband projects in underserved communities. Deadline: May 22 Alabama's $1. 4 Billion Broadband Buildout Montgomery, AL — Alabama has opened the application window for $1. 4 billion in broadband infrastructure grants through the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. The Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA) is managing the program. It aims to expand high-speed internet to areas that need it most. Applications opened April 7 and will close May 22, 2025. The funding targets last-mile broadband projects. Eligible areas include unserved locations with speeds below 25/3 Mbps and underserved areas between 25/3 and 100/20 Mbps. Projects must include at least a 25% funding match. However, proposals with higher matches can earn up to 10 bonus points. Who Can Apply Eligible applicants include cooperatives, nonprofits, public-private partnerships, private companies, utilities, and local governments. All applicants must have passed Alabama’s pre-qualification process. How Projects Will Be Scored Alabama will score applications using a 75-point system. According to NRTC, the state will evaluate both project efficiency and community impact. The Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program in Alabama is administered by the Alabama Digital Expansion Division of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA). Primary Scoring (Up to 75 Points Total) BEAD Outlay (Up to 40 points): Projects with lower costs and higher matches score higher. Affordability (Up to 20 points): Points go to the most affordable 1 Gbps symmetrical plans. Fair Labor (Up to 15 points): Applicants with clean labor records and fair practices receive full credit. Secondary Scoring Deployment Speed (1 point): Service must be available within four years. Local Support (Up to 10 points): Strong backing from community or Tribal groups boosts the score. Project Type Bonus (Up to 10 points): For priority projects: More unserved locations mean more points. For other projects: Faster speeds, strong technical design, and future-proof upgrades are key. Low-Cost Option (4 points): Providers offering $30/month service for low-income homes can earn extra points. What the Funding Covers Eligible costs include building, improving, or buying broadband infrastructure and equipment. This includes backhaul, middle-mile, last-mile networks, and connectivity in multi-dwelling units (MDUs). For updates and resources on Alabama’s broadband funding, visit ADECA’s broadband webpage. More on Public Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-13 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/will-tariffs-impact-bead-funds-broadband/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Government, Network Infrastructure New tariffs are expected to have limited direct impact on BEAD projects, thanks in part to Build America, Buy America (BABA) Act requirements Tariffs Expected to Have Limited Direct Impact New tariffs announced by President Donald Trump are expected to have only a limited direct impact on broadband projects funded by the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program, thanks in part to existing Build America, Buy America (BABA) Act requirements. That’s according to Dr. Nathan Smith, Director of Economics and Policy at Connected Nation. In comments to Broadband Communities, Smith explained that many of the network components used in BEAD-funded projects were already subject to BABA rules, which restrict the use of lower-cost materials from abroad. “ISPs that accepted BEAD funds were already required, for most network components, to comply with BABA restrictions, which barred them from sourcing key inputs like fiber-optic cable more cheaply overseas,” Smith said. “So, the added cost from the new tariffs is relatively modest. ” Indirect Effects of Tariffs However, Smith cautioned that indirect effects could still create headwinds. “Macro-level impacts from tariffs—like shifts in labor availability or capital costs—could influence BEAD projects more than the direct cost of imported goods,” he said. Smith’s recent comments echo views he shared in March on the Beyond the Cable podcast, where he expressed optimism about the BEAD Program despite early challenges. “There’s been a lot of frustration that it took so long to actually connect anybody to broadband,” he said. “But that was kind of by design. You needed extensive planning to aim for universal coverage. ” Still, he noted that challenges remain. “While BEAD prioritizes fiber, the reality is you can’t deploy it everywhere,” Smith said. “In some areas, it’s just not economically feasible to build a full fiber network. ” More Information about BEAD Recent stories about BEAD program progress in 2025. We are covering developing stories in each state. For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-11 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/new-yorks-290-million-internet-investment/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: broadband, Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Digital Divide, Federal Funding, new york, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband New York expands broadband access programs with $50M in new federal funding, bringing the efforts to nearly $290 million Governor Hochul Announces New Federal Funds New York State is investing $50 million to close the digital divide. Governor Kathy Hochul announced the expansion as part of Phase 4 of the Municipal Infrastructure Program (MIP). This increase raises total program funding to nearly $300 million. The initiative aims to bring high-speed internet to unserved and underserved communities. Rural and economically disadvantaged areas have struggled with poor connectivity for years. New York has already invested over $240 million in broadband. This latest phase uses federal funds from the U. S. Department of Treasury Capital Projects Fund. The money will help develop publicly controlled, open-access broadband networks. State officials say this approach will boost competition and lower costs for consumers. A Push to Close the Digital Divide High-speed internet is now essential for work, education, and healthcare. Yet, many New York communities still lack reliable service. Data shows thousands of households remain without adequate broadband, especially in rural and low-income urban areas. Governor Hochul has made expanding broadband access a central goal of her administration. “Reliable, affordable high-speed internet is no longer a luxury — it’s a necessity,” Hochul said in a statement. “Phase 4 of the Municipal Infrastructure Program builds on our ongoing efforts to address broadband gaps in areas that have been overlooked and underserved by traditional internet service providers. ” The MIP expansion aligns with national efforts to improve broadband. The American Rescue Plan allocated billions to infrastructure, including broadband. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, a key advocate for these funds, compared broadband to electricity. “Broadband is a necessity, not a luxury,” he said. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand echoed that sentiment. She called broadband “a necessity of the American economy” that drives digital literacy, education, and business development. Local Officials and Advocates Weigh In While the state is touting this investment as a game-changer, municipal leaders say more work is needed to ensure the funding reaches the communities most in need. “This program has been an important tool for counties working to bridge the digital divide,” said Benjamin Boykin II, President of the New York State Association of Counties. “This latest phase of funding is another important step toward closing connectivity gaps and will enable counties to continue investing in the critical broadband infrastructure that supports economic growth, education, and public safety. ” However, some local leaders caution that funding alone is not enough. The challenge, they say, is ensuring that broadband projects are implemented effectively and do not simply favor large internet service providers. Barbara J. Van Epps, Executive Director of the New York State Conference of Mayors, noted that public investment in broadband could empower local governments to take a more active role in internet service delivery. “By supporting publicly controlled broadband projects, this funding allows local governments to bridge the digital divide in a way that serves their residents directly,” she said. New York's public broadband programs are administered by the Governor's office New York Broadband Infrastructure Plans and Public Access The Municipal Infrastructure Program is a key part of New York’s larger broadband expansion plan, which includes the Excelsior Broadband Network. A central component of this initiative is the construction of a fiber optic line along the New York Thruway, designed to improve broadband access and mobile connectivity across the state. While state officials argue that projects like these will create long-term solutions for internet access, some experts warn that large-scale infrastructure improvements could take years to complete, leaving some communities waiting for relief. Application Process and Next Steps The state is now accepting applications for Phase 4 of the MIP, with a submission deadline of April 25, 2025. Municipalities and other eligible entities must apply through the New York State Consolidated Funding Application (CFA) Portal. Officials say they are prioritizing projects that focus on unserved and underserved areas, though competition for funding is expected to be fierce. Governor Hochul has positioned broadband expansion as a pillar of her administration’s economic development strategy, arguing that high-speed internet is essential for job creation and innovation. Through the ConnectALL initiative, New York State is investing $1 billion in broadband expansion, including targeted programs to improve affordability and access for low-income households. Ongoing Challenges and Future Outlook Despite major investments, challenges remain. Some experts question the long-term sustainability of government-funded broadband programs. They argue that success depends on proper management and maintenance. Others say affordability must remain a focus. With applications now open, municipalities will compete for a share of the $50 million. Each hopes to bring reliable internet to residents who have waited too long for connectivity. Whether this effort fully closes the digital divide remains to be seen. But for now, New York is making one of its largest broadband investments yet. More on Public Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-09 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/rhode-islands-108-7m-broadband-expansion/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Network Infrastructure, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband With $108.7M in federal funding, Rhode Island begins major broadband expansion to connect homes, businesses, and anchor institutions. Rhode Island's Broadband Expansion to Expand Service to 16,000 Locations PROVIDENCE, R. I. — Taking a significant step toward digital equity, Rhode Island Commerce has launched its $108. 7 million Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program, marking a transformative investment in high-speed internet access across the Ocean State. Backed by funding from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), the program officially begins with the release of the state’s first Request for Proposals (RFP) to design and build broadband infrastructure in over 30 municipalities. This milestone follows the NTIA’s recent approval of Rhode Island’s BEAD Challenge Process, effectively paving the way for implementation-ready projects. “The BEAD Program will ensure that every home and business — regardless of where they’re located — has access to reliable, high-speed internet. We’re eager to start these investments in Rhode Island, which strengthen our communities and support Rhode Island’s economic future. ” Liz Tanner, Rhode Island Secretary of Commerce Who Can Apply? Rhode Island invites a diverse range of applicants to take part in this initiative—including private companies, local governments, nonprofits, utilities, cooperatives, and public-private partnerships. To qualify, applicants must demonstrate both the technical expertise and financial capacity to carry out broadband projects that meet or exceed federal benchmarks: at least 100 Mbps download / 20 Mbps upload speeds with latency under 100 milliseconds. To start, the program prioritizes unserved and underserved communities across the state. However, once those areas gain reliable service, Rhode Island will allocate any remaining BEAD funds to expand connectivity even further—reaching Community Anchor Institutions and supporting other eligible non-deployment activities, thereby maximizing the program’s long-term impact. Rhode Island's Office of Broadband & Digital Equity is part of the Rhode Island Commerce Corporation Building on Early Wins This new initiative builds on the momentum of Rhode Island’s Capital Projects Fund (CPF) broadband investment program. That $25 million state investment unlocked $27 million in private matching funds, bringing total CPF broadband funding to $52 million. The CPF program is set to improve broadband service for over 16,000 locations across the Ocean State. Important Dates to Know April 7, 2025 - A pre-bid webinar will be held, offering guidance for prospective applicants May 9, 2025 - Deadline for proposals For full details, eligibility requirements, and access to the RFP, visit: commerceri. com/broadband More Information about BEAD Recent stories about BEAD program progress in 2025. We are covering developing stories in each state. For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-04-06 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/difference-between-map-t-cgnat/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News, IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: CGNAT, IPv4, IPv6, Knowledgebase, MAP-T, Network Address Translation (NAT), Network Infrastructure Key Differences between MAP-T vs. CGNAT: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Choosing the Right IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition Solution How to Offset IPv4 Exhaustion As the internet transitions from IPv4 to IPv6, network operators face the challenge of maintaining seamless connectivity. Two key technologies aiding this transition are MAP-T (Mapping of Address and Port with Translation) and CGNAT (Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation). While both help extend IPv4 functionality, they operate differently and have distinct advantages. Understanding their differences is crucial for making the right choice for your network infrastructure. IPv4 has been the backbone of internet connectivity for decades, but the rapid expansion of online devices has led to IPv4 address exhaustion. At one time, 4. 3 billion addresses seemed like plenty, but in today’s hyper-connected world, this number has proven insufficient. Operators now face a tough decision: Purchase additional IPv4 addresses, though at a rising cost of $32 per address or more, this is a costly short-term fix. Migrate entirely to IPv6, a long-term necessity, but one that requires substantial planning and infrastructure upgrades. Extend existing IPv4 investments while transitioning to IPv6, an approach that balances cost and future-readiness. MAP-T and CGNAT are two critical technologies that help operators manage this transition effectively. What is CGNAT? (Carrier-Grade NAT) CGNAT is a stateful network address translation solution that enables multiple users to share a single public IPv4 address. It was designed to alleviate IPv4 exhaustion by mapping multiple private IP addresses to a limited number of public addresses. However, because CGNAT tracks the state of every single lease, session, and IP assignment, it has significant hardware requirements. IPv4 to IPv6 Mapping using CGNAT Key Benefits of CGNAT: Extends IPv4 Lifespan – Helps ISPs conserve IPv4 addresses by allowing multiple users to share a single public IP address. Delays Costly IPv6 Transition – Provides a temporary solution for ISPs and businesses that haven't fully migrated to IPv6. Enhances Network Management – Allows ISPs to control and optimize IP address allocation efficiently. Supports Large-Scale NAT – Enables high-volume address translation for large networks, reducing the need for extensive IP renumbering. Challenges of CGNAT: Hardware-intensive – Requires significant CPU, database, and memory resources. Higher latency – Stateful NAT processing can slow down performance. Application issues – Some applications, such as VoIP and gaming, may not work properly due to NAT limitations. Security risks – CGNAT creates a single point of failure and increases exposure to DDoS attacks. What is MAP-T? (Mapping of Address and Port with Translation MAP-T is a stateless IPv4-to-IPv6 transition technology that enables IPv4 traffic to pass over an IPv6-only network. Unlike CGNAT, MAP-T does not require maintaining large translation tables, making it a more scalable and efficient solution for network operators. MAP-T IPv4-over-IPv6 Key Benefits of MAP-T: Stateless operation – No session tracking, reducing hardware costs and improving performance. Lower latency – Direct IPv4-to-IPv6 mapping eliminates unnecessary processing overhead. More scalable – Allows operators to deploy IPv6 while still supporting IPv4 connectivity. Better security – Without a NAT table, there is a smaller attack surface for cyber threats. Challenges of MAP-T: IPv6 Dependency – Requires a fully deployed IPv6 network, making it difficult for ISPs still reliant on IPv4. Complex Deployment – Involves more intricate configuration and routing compared to traditional NAT solutions. Limited IPv4 Support – Some legacy IPv4 applications and services may not function properly without modifications. Troubleshooting Difficulties – Stateless mapping can make diagnosing connectivity issues more challenging compared to stateful NAT solutions like CGNAT. MAP-T vs. CGNAT: Which One Should You Choose? FeatureMAP-TCGNATTranslation TypeStatelessStatefulIPv6 ReadinessDesigned for IPv6 networksExtends IPv4 lifespanPerformanceLower latency, better scalabilityHigher latency due to stateful processingHardware RequirementsMinimalHighSecurityNo NAT table, reducing attack surfaceStateful NAT can be targeted for DDoS attacksApplication CompatibilityWorks well with most applicationsCan break certain applications like VoIP and gaming MAP-T is an ideal solution for ISPs looking to scale IPv6 while maintaining IPv4 support. Meanwhile, CGNAT is a short-term fix for managing IPv4 exhaustion but comes with higher costs and performance trade-offs. Summary: The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 presents a critical challenge for network operators as IPv4 addresses become increasingly exhausted. To manage this shift, technologies like MAP-T (Mapping of Address and Port with Translation) and CGNAT (Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation) provide key solutions. While CGNAT is designed to extend the life of IPv4, MAP-T offers a more scalable and efficient path for operators aiming to fully embrace IPv6. Both solutions have distinct benefits and challenges, and choosing the right approach depends on an operator's specific needs, network infrastructure, and future-readiness. How We Can Help: Brander Group’s expertise in network infrastructure and transition strategies makes them well-equipped to guide businesses through the complexities of IPv4 exhaustion and the move to IPv6. Their special skills include: In-depth knowledge of MAP-T and CGNAT technologies: Brander Group understands the technical details and can help businesses implement the most suitable solution for their needs, whether it's extending IPv4 or preparing for a complete IPv6 deployment. Customized infrastructure planning: We can assist in planning and deploying scalable network solutions, ensuring that businesses can maintain seamless connectivity during the transition without costly interruptions. Optimized performance and security: By leveraging their experience with both technologies, Brander Group ensures that the chosen solution minimizes latency and enhances network security, reducing the risk of attack and ensuring efficient operation. End-to-end transition support: From planning and deployment to troubleshooting and optimization, Brander Group provides comprehensive support throughout the entire IPv6 migration process. Our expertise helps businesses navigate the intricacies of IPv4 to IPv6 migration, ensuring a smooth, cost-effective, and secure transition. --- - Published: 2025-04-04 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/04/oregon-broadband-update-24m-in-grants/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Oregon awards $24M in broadband grants to expand high-speed internet access and advances BEAD Program with 25 pre-qualified applicants. Oregon Awards Over $24 Million in BEAD Grants SALEM, Ore. — The Oregon Broadband Office awarded over $24 million in broadband infrastructure grants this week. This marks the final round of funding from the American Rescue Plan Act’s (ARPA) COVID Capital Projects Fund. The money flows through the state’s Broadband Deployment Program and will bring high-speed internet to thousands of underserved Oregonians. The projects will deliver symmetrical 100 Mbps service to about 2,360 locations in Baker, Malheur, and Jackson counties. These grants support Oregon’s push to close the digital divide and improve access in rural areas. Grant recipients include: Oregon Telephone Corporation – Two County Regional Fiber Connectivity Link and Last Mile Build: $12. 9 million to connect 570 locations in Baker and Malheur counties Hunter Communications and Technologies LLC – Shady Cove and Trail Oregon: $5. 6 million to serve 1,366 locations in Jackson County Pine Telephone System – Vale Regional Link Expansion: $6. 4 million to reach 424 locations in Malheur County Oregon's Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program is administered by the Oregon Broadband Office (OBO), a division of Business Oregon. According to the Oregon Broadband Office, most of the areas covered by this funding round are currently unserved, meaning residents have internet service below the federal benchmark of 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload speeds. In addition to the grant announcements, the state provided an update on its Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. A total of 25 applicants have been prequalified to move forward into the Scoring Phase of the program, scheduled to take place from April 22 through May 22. This milestone marks significant progress in Oregon’s efforts to expand digital infrastructure statewide. The Oregon Broadband Office, a division of Business Oregon, will update the state’s broadband map to reflect the newly funded projects, further enhancing transparency and planning for future development. For more information on broadband funding, state-specific programs, and additional updates, visit the Oregon Broadband Office. More on Public Broadband More of our recent stories about BEAD and public broadband programs For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-03-31 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/675m-for-new-mexico-broadband-expansion/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Network Infrastructure, New Mexico, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband New Mexico received 66 broadband grant applications competing for $675M in federal BEAD funding to expand high-speed internet statewide. State Receives 66 Applications for High-Speed Internet Grants SANTA FE, NM — The Office of Broadband Access and Expansion (OBAE) has received 66 grant applications from 18 organizations, seeking a share of the $675 million available for broadband infrastructure in New Mexico. This funding, part of the federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program, aims to bring high-speed internet to underserved communities across the state. Who’s Competing for New Mexico BEAD Funding? A diverse mix of organizations has stepped up to expand broadband access, including: 10 internet service providers (ISPs) 5 cooperatives 3 Tribal communities These entities have submitted proposals for projects in multiple regions, covering 144 underserved areas across 31 counties. Overwhelming Demand for Broadband Expansion While the state has $675 million to distribute, applicants have requested a total of $719 million in funding. This indicates a strong demand for infrastructure improvements. Project proposals include: 53 fiber-optic networks for high-speed, long-term connectivity 12 fixed wireless systems for faster rural deployment 1 low-Earth orbit satellite initiative for remote coverage If funded, these projects will deliver broadband to more than 31,000 homes, businesses, farms, and community centers currently lacking reliable internet. New Mexico's BEAD challenge map, showing locations of approved sites. What Happens Next? OBAE will review applications and submit funding recommendations to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) by July 2025. Once approved, construction will begin, with all projects required to be completed within four years. “These projects will be life-changing for thousands of New Mexicans,” said Drew Lovelace, acting director of OBAE. “By expanding broadband access, we’re bridging the digital divide and creating new opportunities for residents and businesses across the state. ” New Mexico's BEAD program is administered by Connect New Mexico A Nationwide Push for Connectivity New Mexico is among the first states to implement its BEAD funding strategy. The initiative is part of a $42. 5 billion national broadband effort, ensuring all U. S. states and territories receive funding for high-speed internet expansion. For more details on the BEAD program and the application process, visit OBAE’s official website. More Information about BEAD Recent stories about BEAD progress in Michigan, Missouri, Arizona, Louisiana, Vermont, and Minnesota. For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-03-24 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/michigans-245-million-bead-fund-program/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Digital Divide, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Frontier Communications, DMCI, and Surf Internet—applying for funding from the $245 million Michigan BEAD program BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN - Southern Michigan is on the path to greater connectivity, with three companies—Frontier Communications, DMCI, and Surf Internet—applying for funding from the $245 million Michigan Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) program. The initiative aims to bring high-speed fiber internet to unserved areas, ensuring more residents and businesses can access reliable online services. County Commissioners Back Expansion Efforts Branch County commissioners have expressed their support for the three applications. Each company has outlined plans to extend fiber infrastructure across various parts of the county, filling in gaps left by previous programs. Surf Internet Surf Internet Surf Internet, a Midwest fiber-to-home provider serving 140,000 customers in Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois, is also vying for a share of the BEAD funds. Their proposal includes expanding fiber service from St. Joseph and Calhoun counties into Branch County, particularly in Sherwood, Union, and Matteson townships. Steve Carender, Surf’s Business Development Director, shared that the project aims to connect 1,100 addresses, including 451 homes identified as BEAD-eligible. Among the beneficiaries is County Commissioner Tim Stoll, highlighting the direct impact of the expansion on local residents. Frontier Communications Frontier Communications Frontier Communications, which began installing fiber optic cable along Marshall Road on March 10, will use the BEAD grant to expand coverage in the Branch County cities of Sherwood, Butler, and Quincy. This effort follows their previous success in securing a $22. 3 million federal Realizing Opportunity with Broadband Infrastructure Networks (ROBIN) grant, supplemented by a $1 million contribution from Branch County’s American Rescue Plan Act funds. Frontier’s goal is to serve 4,690 locations in the county, backed by an additional $14. 5 million company investment. However, delays related to permitting issues in Coldwater have slowed progress, with the company working through legal updates to continue development. Despite initial hesitation, county commissioners ultimately voted to endorse Frontier’s BEAD grant application. DMCI Broadband DMCI Broadband DMCI Broadband, a Michigan-based provider, is transitioning from wireless to fiber and has already laid 140 miles of fiber optic cable across Branch and Hillsdale counties. The company currently serves about 2,600 residents and plans to construct an additional 9 miles in Branch County by April, targeting 83 new locations. Company owner Dave Cleveland emphasized that the BEAD grant is essential for funding future projects. DMCI plans a major investment of $3 million for a 62-mile expansion and an additional $1. 1 million for a 23-mile project in Butler Township, bringing the total project cost close to $25 million. Their service model includes high-speed gigabit internet for $67 per month and an affordable 100 Mbps option at $28 per month for qualifying low-income households. What's Ahead for Michigan Broadband Expansion The deadline for Michigan BEAD grant applications is March 31, with awarded projects expected to be completed within four years. As these three companies compete for funding, Branch County residents stand to gain significantly from improved access to high-speed internet, boosting education, business opportunities, and overall quality of life. More Information about BEAD Recent stories about BEAD progress in Missouri, Arizona, Louisiana, Vermont, Minnesota, and Washington State. For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-03-11 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/tls-the-importance-of-transport-layer-security/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: Cybersecurity, Encryption, Knowledgebase, Network Infrastructure, Security Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that secures internet communications between servers, browsers, and applications. What is TLS? Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol standard that ensures privacy and data integrity for communications over the Internet. TLS is widely used to secure web applications, encrypting the data exchanged between web browsers and servers. In addition to web traffic, TLS also protects email communications, messaging, and Voice over IP (VoIP) services. TLS launched in 1999 as an evolution of the older Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. Since then, it evolved through multiple updates, with the most recent version being TLS 1. 3, which was published in 2018. Each new version improves security while enhancing performance, making TLS a fundamental part of modern web security. The Difference Between TLS, SSL, and HTTPS TLS vs. SSL and HTTPS Netscape, an early web browser, originally developed SSL, which later evolved into TLS. Although SSL is now obsolete, many people still refer to TLS as “SSL. ” TLS has replaced SSL, offering stronger encryption and improved security mechanisms. Meanwhile, HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) secures HTTP by using TLS encryption. When a website uses HTTPS, browsers display a padlock icon in the address bar to indicate a secure connection between the server and the client. Why Businesses and Web Applications Need TLS With the increasing number of cyber threats, implementing TLS is no longer optional for businesses and web applications. Here are some key reasons why TLS is essential: Data Protection: TLS encrypts data in transit, preventing unauthorized access and protecting sensitive information. Authentication: It ensures that users are communicating with the intended website and not a fraudulent one. Data Integrity: TLS verifies that transmitted data remains unchanged during transmission. User Trust and Compliance: Browsers now flag non-HTTPS sites as “Not Secure,” which can discourage visitors. Many regulatory standards, such as GDPR and PCI DSS, require TLS encryption for data protection. How TLS Works TLS operates through a series of processes to establish a secure connection, mainly involving the TLS handshake, encryption, and authentication. 1. The TLS Handshake The TLS handshake is an initial process that occurs when a client (such as a browser) connects to a web server. It involves: Agreeing on the TLS version to be used (e. g. , TLS 1. 2 or TLS 1. 3). Selecting encryption algorithms (cipher suites). Authenticating the server using a TLS certificate. Generating session keys for encrypting the data. 2. Encryption and Public Key Cryptography TLS uses asymmetric encryption during the handshake and symmetric encryption for the main communication. Asymmetric encryption involves a public key (shared openly) and a private key (kept secret). Once the handshake is complete, symmetric encryption is used to secure data transmission efficiently. 3. Authentication and Integrity TLS certificates are issued by trusted certificate authorities (CAs) and are used to verify the authenticity of a website. In addition, TLS uses message authentication codes (MACs) to ensure that data is not altered during transmission. Performance Impact of TLS Some people worry that TLS may slow down web applications, but developers have optimized modern implementations for performance. Technologies like TLS False Start and TLS Session Resumption reduce latency. TLS 1. 3 further improves speed by using fewer handshake steps than earlier versions. Implementing TLS on a Website To use TLS, a website must have a TLS certificate (also called an SSL certificate). These can be purchased from a third party and implemented, and many web hosting providers offer free TLS certificates. OpenSSL is an open-source toolkit for SSL/TLS protocols and cryptographic functions like encryption and certificate management. It's widely used in web hosting platforms like cPanel to secure data transmission and manage SSL certificates. Those without such services can purchase a certificate from a certificate authority and install it on their web server. FAQ What is the latest version of TLS? The latest version is TLS 1. 3, which was released in 2018. It provides enhanced security and improved performance compared to previous versions. Can I still use SSL instead of TLS? No, SSL is outdated and considered insecure. Modern websites should use TLS 1. 2 or TLS 1. 3. How can I check if a website is using TLS? Look for "https://" in the website URL and a padlock icon in the browser's address bar. What happens if a website doesn’t use TLS? Websites without TLS are vulnerable to attacks like data interception, phishing, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, browsers may flag them as “Not Secure. ” Do I need to buy a TLS certificate? Not necessarily. Many hosting providers offer free TLS certificates through services like Let’s Encrypt and Cloudflare. We specialize in Network Security Our trusted advisors to help you make unbiased decisions from over 600+ providers. Create a truly supplier agnostic strategy that benefits your company --- - Published: 2025-03-03 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/03/california-begins-bead-funding-applications-for-isps/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, California, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband California has opened the BEAD Subgrantee Selection Process for ISPs, with applications accepted from March 25 to April 23, 2025 California's BEAD Final Proposal to NTIA The state of California has officially opened the application window for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to participate in the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) Subgrantee Selection Process. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) will be accepting applications from March 25 through April 23, 2025, a significant step in completing BEAD goals in 2025. Subgrantee Selection Process The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) will accept applications for the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Subgrantee Selection Process from March 25 through April 23. Recent and Future Funding In February 2025, CPUC awarded $9 million in the final round of broadband grants. To date, CPUC has allocated over $1 billion in broadband funding for projects spanning 52 counties across California. An additional $550 million is planned for the Last Mile program in the 2027–2028 state budget. In December, California’s BEAD Challenge Process Surpassed $1 Billion in Grants California's BEAD Challenge Process was submitted to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) in December 2024 and officially approved in January 2025, marking a key step in the state's broadband expansion efforts. That same month, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) announced it had surpassed $1 billion in grants dedicated to expanding broadband access throughout the state. This funding will be distributed to communities across California, from rural areas to urban centers, to enhance connectivity for residents and businesses alike. A major milestone in this effort was the approval of $225 million in the 10th round of grants for last-mile broadband projects as part of the $2 billion Last Mile Federal Funding Account grant program. This initiative focuses on bringing broadband internet to underserved and unserved communities in California. The rolling process of awards and recommendations underscores the state’s commitment to closing the digital divide through its Broadband For All initiative. California's Plan to Award $1. 8 Billion in BEAD Funds As part of the national initiative to enhance broadband access, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) allocated nearly $2 billion to California in June 2023. This funding is part of the larger $42. 45 billion BEAD program, which aims to provide high-speed internet to underserved communities across the United States. In June 2024, the CPUC announced the first round of recommended awardees for the Last Mile Federal Funding Account Grant Program. The CPUC’s Federal Funding Account received an overwhelming response, with 484 grant applications requesting a total of more than $4. 6 billion. The funding will be distributed to selected projects that aim to expand broadband infrastructure, ensuring equitable access to high-speed internet for all Californians. California's BEAD Location Map, showing eligible and funded sites California BEAD Challenge Map The CPUC has identified regions across California that will benefit from BEAD funding. This interactive map showcases the results of California's BEAD Challenge Process, submitted to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) in December 2024 and approved in January 2025. It identifies all BEAD-eligible Broadband Serviceable Locations (BSLs) in the state by FCC Location ID, reflecting adjudicated challenge determinations and enforceable commitments from internet service providers. 2025 California BEAD Timeline California is now in the selection process, and has published a timeline for grant selection and finalization, to be completed in 2025. Publication of Final Map: February 2025 GMS Development: December 23 – March 25 Subgrantee Prequalification Period: March 25 – April 9 Grant Application Window: March 25 – April 23 Subgrantee Selection & Preparation of Final Proposal: April 24 – August 19 Public Comment on Final Proposal and Resolution: August 20 – September 15 Release of NTIA-Approved Map: September 18 (Identifies all BEAD-eligible Broadband Locations in California) Resolution Considered by Commission: Date TBD Submittal of Final Proposal: September 19 – October 2 (Submitted to NTIA) Sources of California High-Speed Internet In addition to BEAD funding, California has several programs dedicated to expanding broadband access: California Advanced Services Fund (CASF): Provides grants for broadband infrastructure projects, public housing connectivity, and digital literacy programs. Last Mile Federal Funding Account: Allocates federal funds to last-mile broadband projects in unserved and underserved areas. Middle-Mile Broadband Initiative: A state-led program to build the foundational infrastructure needed to connect last-mile providers. Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program: Federal funding aimed at improving broadband access in tribal communities. California Public Utilities Commission is managing the state's BEAD effort California PUC's Role in BEAD Distribution The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) plays a central role in overseeing broadband funding distribution in California. As the state’s regulatory agency for public utilities, the CPUC ensures that BEAD funds are allocated effectively to projects that align with the state's broadband expansion goals. This includes prioritizing areas with little to no internet access, funding last-mile infrastructure projects, and coordinating with federal and local agencies to maximize the impact of available resources. More Information about BEAD For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard Recent stories about BEAD progress in Missouri, Arizona, Louisiana, Vermont, Minnesota, and Washington State. --- - Published: 2025-02-27 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/arizona-993-million-bead-round-1-application-deadline/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Arizona’s $992 BEAD program advances in 2025, with ACA extending the Round 1 deadline to March 7 for ISPs improving broadband access. Round 1 Deadline Extended Arizona's Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program, after years of planning, is moving ahead in 2025. The goal of universal broadband connectivity to the state's unserverved and underserved communities is moving closer to reality. The Arizona Commerce Authority (ACA) has extended the Round 1 Subgrantee Application window to March 7, 2025, allowing additional time for applicant ISPs to submit proposals aimed at improving internet access. Pre-registration remains a prerequisite for all broadband providers intending to participate in the BEAD program. Approved applicants gain access to the Arizona BEAD portal, which serves as the central hub for grant applications, progress reporting, and post-award reimbursements. In December 2024, the ACA released the final project areas, delineating over 70 regions, including specific areas for Tribal lands, to address unserved and underserved locations. This strategic division aims to ensure comprehensive broadband coverage across the state. Map of final Arizona BEAD project areas, from ArcGIS Nearly $1 billion in BEAD Funding Arizona has been allocated $993. 1 million through the federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. This funding aims to provide universal broadband access to all residents, ensuring reliable and affordable high-speed internet service statewide. In addition to the BEAD funding, Arizona has launched several other broadband initiatives: Digital Equity Program: Over $16 million dedicated to promoting digital inclusion, ensuring all communities have the necessary skills and technology to thrive online. Arizona Broadband Development Grant Program: A $100 million initiative focused on expanding high-speed internet to unserved and underserved areas across the state. Arizona Statewide Middle-Mile Program: Allocating $152 million to enhance broadband infrastructure along key interstate routes, in partnership with the Arizona Department of Transportation. These combined efforts represent the largest broadband investment in Arizona's history, aiming to connect 100% of households by 2030 Arizona Commerce Authority and Its Role in the BEAD Program The Arizona Commerce Authority (ACA) is the state's leading economic development organization, responsible for fostering business growth, innovation, and infrastructure expansion. As the primary agency overseeing Arizona’s BEAD program, the ACA plays a crucial role in managing the $993. 1 million federal investment aimed at expanding high-speed internet access across the state. The ACA administers the BEAD funding by establishing project areas, coordinating with broadband providers, facilitating grant applications, and ensuring that unserved and underserved communities receive necessary broadband improvements. Through its leadership, the ACA is driving Arizona’s mission to achieve universal broadband connectivity by 2030. Key 2025 Dates for Arizona's BEAD program Here are the key dates in 2025: Pre-Registration Period: November 4, 2024 – April 21, 2025 All prospective applicants must complete pre-registration before submitting applications. Round 1 Application: Application Window: Extended to: March 7, 2025 Initially: January 6, 2025 – February 5, 2025 Project Application Review and Negotiation: March 10, 2025 – May 13, 2025 Round 2 Application: Application Window: June 3, 2025 – July 3, 2025 Project Application Review and Negotiation: July 5, 2025 – September 5, 2025 Please note that all applicants are required to complete pre-registration prior to submitting applications for either round. For the most current information and updates, refer to the Arizona Commerce Authority's official website. For More Information about the BEAD Program For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard Recent stories about BEAD progress in Louisiana, Vermont, Minnesota, and Washington State. --- - Published: 2025-02-25 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/229-million-vermont-bead-program-advances-as-nine-isps-compete-for-funding/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband The Vermont Community Broadband Board (VCBB) has reviewed preliminary Vermont BEAD applications from internet service providers (ISPs) that cover almost every eligible address across the state. These applications are part of Vermont’s VT-BEAD Program, which contributes to the national initiative to expand high-speed internet access. Preliminary Round BEAD Applications for Vermont Indicate Near-Universal Coverage The Vermont Community Broadband Board (VCBB) has received preliminary Vermont BEAD applications from internet service providers (ISPs) covering nearly every eligible address in the state. These applications, under Vermont’s Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (VT-BEAD) Program, are the part of a national effort to expand high-speed internet. ISPs must submit a preliminary application to be eligible for VT-BEAD funds. This application requires them to identify the areas they plan to serve and specify the type of broadband service they will deploy, such as fiber optic, cable, or fixed wireless. Every location in Vermont that qualifies under VT-BEAD has received at least one application. Eligible locations are defined as those with internet speeds of 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload or less. The majority of these underserved and unserved locations are now set to receive improved service. Notably, 95% of them will get fiber-optic connections, ensuring high-speed, reliable internet. Nine ISPs Competing for Funds Nine ISPs have applied for funding, demonstrating strong interest in expanding broadband infrastructure. The VCBB has divided Vermont into 32 project areas covering 16,895 eligible locations. These areas were strategically designed to encourage fiber-optic expansion and promote healthy competition among providers. As of February 2025, the specific names of the nine Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that have submitted preliminary applications to the Vermont Community Broadband Board (VCBB) under the VT-BEAD Program have not been publicly disclosed. However, Vermont’s broadband expansion efforts involve several Communications Union Districts (CUDs), which are municipal entities formed by groups of towns to build communication infrastructure collaboratively. The nine CUDs in Vermont are: Chittenden County DVFiber ECFiber Lamoille FiberNet Maple Broadband NEKCV (doing business as CVFiber and NEK Broadband) Northwestern Communications Union District Otter Creek Communications Union District Southern Vermont Communications Union District These CUDs have been instrumental in Vermont’s efforts to expand broadband access, particularly in underserved areas. Full Proposals Begin March 6 ISPs can submit full proposals for VT-BEAD funding starting March 6, 2025. The VCBB will evaluate these proposals and distribute funds later this year. Once awarded, ISPs will have four years to complete their projects. The Vermont Community Broadband Board is managing Vermont’s BEAD Grants About the Vermont Community Broadband Board (VCBB) The VCBB was established in 2021 to oversee and support the expansion of broadband access across Vermont, primarily by working with Communications Union Districts (CUDs) and other providers to build out high-speed internet infrastructure in underserved areas. VCBB’s funding primarily comes from federal and state sources, including: American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) – Vermont allocated a significant portion of its ARPA funds to broadband expansion. Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program – A federal broadband expansion program under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Capital Projects Fund (CPF) – Another federal source aimed at improving broadband, particularly in rural areas. State Funds & Other Grants – Vermont has dedicated some of its own resources and may receive additional grants from federal and private sources. How Does VCBB Relate to BEAD? BEAD (Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment) is a nationwide program under the IIJA that provides $42. 45 billion to states for broadband expansion. VCBB is Vermont’s official administrator of BEAD funds—it applies for, manages, and distributes the BEAD funding to ensure broadband projects align with state and federal goals. Essentially, VCBB funnels BEAD money to local broadband projects, focusing on areas that lack reliable high-speed internet. VCBB is the key player ensuring BEAD funds are effectively used to close the digital divide in Vermont. BEAD Program Takes Shape in 2025 2025 promises a lot of progress in the years-long BEAD program. Vermont's move into the official bid process in March places it among the early states to enter into the implementation stage, joining Minnesota, Louisiana, and Washington State in February announcements. For More Information To track the progress of Vermont’s broadband expansion, visit VCBB’s broadband hub. For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard --- - Published: 2025-02-24 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/what-is-iana/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: ICANN, IP Addresses, Network Infrastructure, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), Security IANA, The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, manages global IP addresses, DNS root zones, and protocols, ensuring internet stability Introduction The internet is a vast and complex system that requires careful coordination to function smoothly. Every website you visit, email you send, or online service you use relies on a set of unique identifiers such as domain names, IP addresses, and protocol parameters. But have you ever wondered who manages these critical resources? The answer lies with IANA, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. IANA is a key organization responsible for ensuring the internet runs efficiently by overseeing global IP address allocation, domain name system (DNS) management, and protocol assignments. In this article, we’ll explore the history, role, and future of IANA in maintaining a stable and secure internet. Logo for IANA - The Assigned Internet Numbers Authority What Does IANA Do? IANA plays a critical role in managing the core infrastructure of the internet. Its responsibilities include: 1. Domain Name System (DNS) Management IANA oversees the root zone of the DNS, which is the highest level of the domain name hierarchy. It manages Top-Level Domains (TLDs), including generic TLDs (gTLDs) like . com, . org, and . net, as well as country code TLDs (ccTLDs) like . uk and . jp. It ensures the proper delegation of domain names to registries worldwide. 2. IP Address Allocation IANA distributes Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), which then assign them to internet service providers (ISPs) and organizations. It manages the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, ensuring a seamless expansion of internet address capacity. 3. Protocol Parameter Assignments IANA maintains unique identifiers used in various internet protocols, such as port numbers (e. g. , HTTP uses port 80) and character encoding standards. It works with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to ensure technical consistency across the internet. IANA distributes IP addresses to the five Regional Internet Registries; ARIN, APNIC, RIPE NCC, LACNIC, and AFRINIC History of IANA The origins of IANA date back to the early days of the internet, when Dr. Jon Postel1, a pioneering computer scientist, began coordinating the assignment of internet protocol numbers in the late 1970s. Initially, this was an informal process, but as the internet grew, the need for an official governing body became evident. In 1998, the U. S. Department of Commerce established the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to take over IANA’s responsibilities. For many years, ICANN operated under U. S. government oversight. However, in 2016, the U. S. government officially transferred the stewardship of IANA to a global multi-stakeholder community, solidifying its role as an independent entity dedicated to internet governance. IANA’s Role in Internet Governance IANA does not operate in isolation—it collaborates with several key organizations to maintain a stable and open internet. Some of its most important partnerships include: ICANN – IANA operates under ICANN’s oversight to manage DNS, IP addresses, and protocol parameters. IETF – IANA works closely with IETF2 to assign technical standards and maintain internet protocols. Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) – These organizations allocate IP addresses regionally, ensuring a fair and organized distribution system. By maintaining transparency and adhering to global governance principles, IANA helps keep the internet free, secure, and accessible to all. The Future of IANA As the internet continues to expand, IANA faces several challenges and opportunities, including: Scalability – Managing the increasing demand for domain names, IP addresses, and new protocols. Security – Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures to protect against threats such as cyberattacks and DNS abuse. Decentralization – Adapting to the growing trend of decentralized internet governance and emerging technologies. Despite these challenges, IANA remains committed to maintaining an open and stable internet that benefits individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. Conclusion The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is central to the stable operation of the internet. It manages global IP address allocation, domain name system (DNS) root zones, and protocol parameter assignments. These are necessary for devices and networks around the world to communicate. Without IANA’s coordination, conflicts in IP addressing and domain name assignments could arise, leading to connectivity issues and fragmentation of the internet. As a key part of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), IANA operates neutrally and efficiently, supporting the smooth functioning of the global internet infrastructure. Looking ahead, IANA's role will continue to evolve as the internet expands and new technologies emerge. With the increasing adoption of IPv6, the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the rise of decentralized web technologies, IANA will play a critical part in managing these transitions while maintaining security and stability. Additionally, as discussions around digital sovereignty and internet governance intensify, IANA may face new challenges in balancing global coordination with regional and national interests. Its ability to adapt and maintain trust within the internet community will be essential for an open, interoperable internet. Footnotes: IPv4 Connect Buys and Sells IP Addresses --- - Published: 2025-02-23 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/minnesota-moves-forward-with-652-million-bead-funds/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband NTIA approves Minnesota's unserved locations map, identifiying 88,700 eligible sites for its BEAD program. Prequalification phase begins. NTIA Approves Minnesota’s Unserved Locations Map The National Telecommunications and Information Administration has approved The Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED)’s final map of eligible locations, identifying 88,700 sites classified as unserved. The final interactive map is available here. This mapping ensures that funds are directed to communities most in need of broadband access. A BEAD Funding Milestone DEED Commissioner Matt Varilek emphasized the significance of this funding, stating, “This is an exciting moment in our work to connect every Minnesotan to the high-speed broadband our communities depend on. Our state’s BEAD funding will help us connect 89,000 more Minnesota homes and businesses to broadband – a huge figure that shows the impact of DEED’s partnership with the federal government and broadband providers in our state. ” With this funding, DEED aims to bridge the digital divide, ensuring that even the most rural areas have access to the internet speeds necessary for modern work, education, and communication. Minnesota's 2023 map of unserved and underserved locations for internet access Internet Providers Invited to Prequalify To efficiently allocate BEAD funding, DEED’s Office of Broadband Development is inviting internet service providers to submit prequalification information regarding their plans to expand broadband services. This step allows DEED to assess provider eligibility quickly, ensuring a smooth grant allocation process. Providers interested in applying for BEAD grants can find additional details on DEED’s website under the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program section. The prequalification application deadline is February 27, 2025. Moving Ahead Quickly By streamlining the prequalification process, Minnesota DEED’s strategy is to streamline the grant process, to ensure the process moves as quickly as possible. Bree Maki, Executive Director of the Office of Broadband Development, said in a statement: “We’re working as quickly as possible to get Minnesota’s BEAD funding to the providers that will help connect more people to high-speed broadband. ” Minnesota DEED's interactive location map of 88,700 eligible BEAD locations Timeline for BEAD Grant Distribution Following the prequalification phase, DEED will move on to three rounds of subgrantee selection. This phase, for BEAD grants, will happen over in the spring and summer of 2025. The ultimate goal is to submit Minnesota’s final BEAD proposal to the NTIA by October 3, 2025. These steps mark critical milestones in the state’s broadband expansion efforts, reinforcing Minnesota’s commitment to digital equity and economic development through improved internet connectivity. Overall Progress in Granting BEAD Funds Other states have already begun awarding BEAD funds, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Washington State recently announcing grants, and the closing of bidding rounds in their state efforts to expand broadband access. These states are further along in the funding process. Minnesota, however, is still in the earlier stages, focusing on prequalification and preparing for upcoming grant distribution rounds. Looking Ahead for Minnesota BEAD The BEAD funding represents a transformative opportunity for Minnesota. A majority of the state qualifies as unserved. The BEAD program is a major step in ensuring that all residents and businesses can access reliable, high-speed broadband. For the latest updates and to see if your home or business qualifies, visit the Minnesota BEAD Challenge Map on DEED’s official website. --- - Published: 2025-02-23 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/what-is-apnic/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: APNIC, IPv4, IPv6, Network Infrastructure, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), RPKI, Whois APNIC manages IP address distribution in the Asia-Pacific, supports IPv6 adoption, enhances internet security, and provides registry services APNIC: The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) plays a crucial role in managing internet resources across the Asia-Pacific region, ensuring the efficient allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs). This article explores APNIC’s mission, services, and its impact as a Regional Internet Registry (RIR). In Short APNIC facilitates the allocation of IP addresses and ASNs in the Asia-Pacific region as one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Following IPv4 depletion, APNIC has implemented transfer policies and promotes IPv6 adoption while managing the remaining IPv4 resources. Beyond resource allocation, APNIC provides critical services, including Whois database management, technical coordination, and educational initiatives to support the internet community. APNIC offers essential services, including Whois database management, network security, and educational initiatives for the internet community. The five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC The Five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) Five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are responsible for managing and distributing internet resources: AFRINIC – Serving Africa APNIC – Overseeing Asia-Pacific ARIN – Managing North America LACNIC – Covering Latin America and the Caribbean RIPE NCC – Supporting Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East These registries ensure equitable distribution of IP addresses and ASNs to maintain seamless global connectivity. Geographic Coverage APNIC operates across a vast region, including: East Asia: Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Mongolia Southeast Asia: Including Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, and Timor-Leste South Asia: Serving India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives Oceania: Covering Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and various Pacific Islands Core Functions and Services Internet Resource Management APNIC oversees the allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with ASNs, across its service region. To address IPv4 exhaustion, APNIC enforces strict transfer policies and promotes IPv6 adoption for sustainable internet expansion. Registry and Database Services APNIC maintains vital registry services, including: Whois Database: A public directory for IP address assignments and routing details. WhoWas Database: Maintaining historical records of IP ownership. Internet Routing Registry (IRR): Enhancing network transparency and security. Technical and Security Services APNIC delivers vital technical services, including: Reverse DNS Management to improve domain resolution. Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to strengthen routing security and prevent network hijacking. Global RIR Collaboration to ensure seamless coordination of internet resources. Policy and Community Development As an RIR, it works alongside industry stakeholders to develop policies governing IP resource distribution and fosters knowledge-sharing through various initiatives. Strategic Priorities APNIC emphasizes security, efficiency, and transparency in internet governance. Key focus areas include: Routing Security: Strengthening global routing protocols through RPKI implementation. Education and Training: Conducting workshops and technical training to support network operators. Internet Governance: Engaging in global policy-making to influence the future of internet resource allocation. IPv4 & IPv6 Transition: Supporting IPv6 adoption while managing IPv4 resource transfers. Managing IPv4 and IPv6 Resources Since IPv4 depletion, APNIC has implemented strict resource management strategies, including waitlists for IPv4 allocations and facilitating transfers. It also actively promotes IPv6 adoption to ensure long-term internet sustainability. Registration Services APNIC provides internet resource registration services, including: IPv4 Address Allocation IPv6 Address Distribution ASN Assignments By ensuring efficient internet resource oversight, it plays a pivotal role in maintaining the reliability of global connectivity. APNIC's Evolution and History To meet the rising demand for structured IP management, APNIC was established in 1993. Its milestones include: 2002-2005: Refining jurisdiction as LACNIC and AFRINIC were formed. 2011: Becoming the first RIR to deplete its IPv4 address pool. 2015-Present: Driving IPv6 adoption and refining IP transfer processes for sustainable growth. The Future As IPv4 addresses become scarcer, APNIC remains focused on IPv6 adoption and refining resource distribution policies. By far the largest Regional Internet Registry by population and land mass, and with China and India as members, it is incredibly influential. Its technical expertise, policy leadership, and active community engagement, it continues to shape the Asia-Pacific – and global – internet landscape. Conclusion APNIC is more than an internet registry—it is central to internet governance in the Asia-Pacific region. By implementing transparent policies, delivering essential services, and engaging with the community, it ensures the internet’s continued growth and security. For ISPs, network providers, and businesses relying on internet resources, understanding the five Regional Internet Registries' roles is essential for long-term connectivity planning. APNIC FAQ What services does APNIC offer? IP address allocations, maintaining registry databases, and provides technical support for the Asia-Pacific region. How does APNIC promote IPv6 adoption? APNIC facilitates IPv6 deployment through training, policy advocacy, and hands-on support for transitioning networks. Who can apply for resources from APNIC? Internet service providers, network operators, and organizations within the Asia-Pacific region can request IP addresses and ASNs from APNIC under established policy guidelines. Do I need to be in the Asia-Pacific to buy an APNIC IP address? Yes, to obtain an IP address directly from APNIC, you generally need to be based in or operate within the Asia-Pacific region. Organizations outside the region typically cannot acquire resources from APNIC unless they have a legal presence or infrastructure in the region. However, you can still obtain APNIC-registered IP addresses through the secondary market via transfers. We specialize in APNIC Transfers --- - Published: 2025-02-21 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/missouri-bead/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Missouri received 519 applications for round 1 of its $1.2 Billlion BEAD funding program Initial Bids Cover 90% of State Missouri's Office of Broadband Development (OBD) announced on February 21 that it received 519 BEAD applications in the first phase of Round 1, which closed on February 20, 2025. The applications cover 192,284 homes and businesses, representing 90% of eligible locations in the state's $1. 7 billion BEAD program. Missouri has identified 213,404 locations as eligible for BEAD funding, indicating they are unserved or underserved. Eligible locations and funding sources are published on the Missouri Department of Economic Development's Broadband Eligibility Map. Missouri's Broadband Eligibility Map for BEAD Funding On to Final Offer Round Missouri BEAD grant Applicants for projects scoring in the top two for an application area will be asked to submit a final offer. This ensures that the most competitive and impactful projects receive funding to maximize broadband expansion. Announcement of Sub-Round for Remaining Locations Given that not all locations received a bid, Missouri's OBD is opening Sub-Round 1, allowing additional applications for 21,120 locations across 444 application areas that did not receive an application during the primary phase. This sub-round will remain open for 30 days, closing on March 22, 2025. Notably, the previous $300 million cap on funding requests per applicant has been lifted for Sub-Round 1, enabling applicants to seek as much funding as needed to serve these remaining locations. To assist applicants in identifying eligible areas, OBD has published a comprehensive list of application areas and broadband-serviceable locations. Pre-Qualification Requirements Pre-qualified applicants from Round 1 will keep their status for Sub-Round 1. However, those who skipped pre-qualification must complete it first. The deadline to apply is March 7, 2025. Missouri Department of Economic Development logo About the Missouri OBD The Missouri Office of Broadband Development (OBD) launched in 2018. It oversees the state's Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. OBD distributes federal BEAD funds to expand broadband access. It ensures projects align with state priorities and serve unserved and underserved communities. The office manages applications, reviews proposals, and builds strategic partnerships to maximize funding impact. In 2018, Missouri set a state standard for internet access. It defined "underserved areas" as lacking wireline or fixed wireless speeds of at least 25/3 Mbps. It classified "unserved areas" as those without at least 10/1 Mbps. This law highlighted Missouri's commitment to expanding internet access. In addition to $1. 7 billion in BEAD funding, Missouri's broadband expansion efforts include other funding sources: Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program – $1. 7 billion in federal funding allocated to Missouri through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) – Funding from the Capital Projects Fund (CPF) and State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) to support broadband infrastructure. Missouri’s Broadband Infrastructure Grant Program – State-level funding to expand broadband access in underserved areas. ReConnect Program (USDA) – Federal grants and loans aimed at improving broadband access in rural areas. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Programs – Includes Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) and Connect America Fund (CAF) to subsidize broadband deployment. Public-Private Partnerships – Collaborations between state agencies, local governments, and private broadband providers. Local and Regional Investments – Funding from counties, municipalities, and regional planning organizations to support broadband projects. Nonprofit and Philanthropic Contributions – Support from organizations dedicated to closing the digital divide. Missouri's Five-Year Action Plan for Broadband On Track Missouri's BEAD Five-Year Action Plan outlines a path to universal broadband by 2028. Now in the bidding phase with strong ISP interest, the state is on track to deliver high-speed internet to all eligible locations. For More Information about the BEAD Program For up-to-date information on the $42 billion BEAD Program, check Brander Group’s BEAD funding progress dashboard Recent stories about BEAD progress in Louisiana, Vermont, Minnesota, and Washington State. --- - Published: 2025-02-19 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/washington-state-receives-1-2-billion-in-bead-funds/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Washington State received 307 applications for the $1.2 BEAD program to expand broadband access, covering 77% of eligible project areas. Washington State BEAD Program Receives 307 Bids Washington State has made significant progress in its first round of the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. The state received 307 applications from various stakeholders, including internet service providers (ISPs), tribal entities, counties, and public utility districts. These applications cover 77% of the state’s eligible project areas, targeting approximately 214,000 homes and businesses that currently lack adequate connectivity. The BEAD program, part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, is a federal initiative with a $42. 45 billion allocation to expand high-speed internet nationwide. Washington State has been granted $1. 2 billion from this fund, to its Internet for All initiative. The goal of both programs is to enhance broadband infrastructure and promote digital equity across the state. Washington is the latest state to announce its first round bidding for BEAD contracts, following Louisiana in January and Arkansas earlier this month. High Participation and Competitive Bidding The first application round closed on January 31, 2025, marking a crucial step in Washington’s efforts to provide broadband access for all. The overwhelming number of applications signals a strong commitment from local entities. Nearly half of the eligible locations received multiple bids, fostering competition, which is expected to drive higher-quality service and cost efficiency in project implementation. Joe Nguyen, the Director of the Washington State Department of Commerce Joe Nguyen, the Director of the Washington State Department of Commerce, expressed enthusiasm over the strong participation in a statement “The incredible interest in this round of funding makes it clear that people all over Washington want access to fast and reliable internet. ” Joe Nguyen, the Director of the Washington State Department of Commerce Future BEAD Rounds for Full Coverage To ensure complete broadband access, Washington plans two additional rounds of applications to address locations that did not receive qualifying bids in the first phase. The dates for these rounds will be announced after the current applications are reviewed. This phased approach ensures comprehensive coverage and addresses gaps in connectivity. Debate Over Prioritizing Fiber-Optic Lines The BEAD program emphasizes fiber-optic infrastructure due to its high reliability and speed. However, this preference has been a topic of debate. Arielle Roth, a former NTIA leader, and Senator Ted Cruz have criticized the program’s fiber emphasis, arguing that states should have more flexibility in choosing broadband solution. However, states have the authority to approve non-fiber projects in areas where fiber deployment may be impractical or too expensive. Washington’s Strategic Planning for Broadband Expansion To guide broadband expansion efforts, the Washington State Broadband Office (WSBO) has developed a Five-Year Action Plan and a State Digital Equity Plan. These strategies focus on: Ensuring universal access to reliable, high-speed internet Investing in digital equity programs to provide resources and training for residents Encouraging public involvement to tailor solutions to community needs Community Engagement and Training Initiatives Washington has prioritized public engagement and transparency in its broadband expansion. The WSBO has hosted training sessions to help stakeholders navigate the BEAD application process. Additionally, the office holds bi-monthly webinars to provide updates and answer questions related to broadband initiatives. Conclusion Washington State's first round of bids on BEAD funding is off to a strong start. The high level of participation from providers and local entities demonstrates is a positive sign, as the years-long initiative begins to take shape. With additional funding rounds and planning, Washington is on track to achieve the goads of BEAD; statewide broadband access. --- - Published: 2025-02-04 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/texas-announces-545-million-in-public-broadband-funding/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Digital Divide, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband The Texas Broadband Development Office is awarding over $500 million in grants for Round II of broadband expansion, prioritizing rural areas The Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO) has begun announcing grant awards for round 2 of its Bringing Online Opportunities to Texas (BOOT) Program, a $545 million investment in broadband infrastructure aimed at expanding high-speed internet access across the state, particularly in rural and underserved areas. This funding is part of the state's broadband expansion efforts, with awardee notifications beginning on December 20, 2024. The funds will support the construction of new broadband networks, upgrades to existing infrastructure, and initiatives to close the digital divide. This investment is part of the Bringing Online Opportunities to Texas (BOOT) Program, a state-led initiative that utilizes funds from the Texas Broadband Infrastructure Fund, established through Proposition 8 in 2023. Additionally, Texas is leveraging federal funding from the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program, ensuring a comprehensive approach to addressing internet accessibility challenges. BOOT Round 2 Awards Are a Dramatic Increase in Funding The first round of BOOT awardees was announced in June 2024, with $11. 5 million in grants to eight companies for wireless and fiber connectivity. The largest grants in that round went to AMA Communications for $2. 9 million to deploy fiber to 310 locations, and Big Bend Telecom for $1. 7 million to deploy fiber to 220 locations. Round I of BOOT programs focused on bringing connectivity to the Texas Panhandle, South Plains, Permian Basin, West Texas, Central Texas, and the Gulf Coast, with a heavy concentration in West Texas and rural areas. BOOT Round II grants so far total over $500 million, with the largest grants going to 4IP Technology and Media with $77. 5 million for f to 2,724 locations, and ITC Broadband Operating, for $69. 6 million, also for fiber deployment to 16,431 locations. The counties covered in Round II are in Central Texas, West Texas, the Panhandle, South Texas, and East Texas, highlighting a mix of rural and underserved areas targeted for broadband expansion. Texas BOOT Grant Awards for Round II (as of February 4, 2025) ITC Broadband Operating – $138,823,636 AMG Technology Investment Group – $124,894,7314 IP Technology and Media – $77,562,776 Rural Telecommunications of America. – $43,096,228 VTX Communications – $51,073,236 Resound Networks – $25,107,356 Lyte Fiber – $14,456,693 Plains Internet – $12,807,264 Differences Between Texas BOOT and BEAD Programs The Bringing Online Opportunities to Texas (BOOT) Program and the $42 billion federal Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program both aim to expand broadband access, but they differ in funding sources, administration, and scope. BOOT is a Texas-specific initiative funded primarily by the Texas Broadband Infrastructure Fund, which was established through Proposition 8 in 2023. Administered by the Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO), BOOT focuses on closing the digital divide within Texas by funding broadband infrastructure projects, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The program offers flexible funding for last-mile infrastructure, middle-mile networks, and digital inclusion efforts, ensuring that Texans have reliable access to high-speed internet for education, healthcare, and economic development. BEAD, on the other hand, is a federal program funded through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and administered by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). It provides grants to all U. S. states, including Texas, to expand broadband access, with a strong focus on reaching unserved (under 25 Mbps download / 3 Mbps upload) and underserved (under 100/20 Mbps) areas. Texas receives funding from BEAD in addition to its own BOOT program, allowing for a comprehensive approach to broadband expansion. Going Forward It's unclear whether the announced grants of BOOT Round II are complete. The much smaller Round I grants were announced in June 2024, followed by a call for Round II applications in July. So far, there is no official announcement about a BOOT Round III. Texas officials emphasize that this funding will improve economic opportunities, healthcare access, and education by providing reliable, high-speed internet to communities that have long had limited connectivity. The Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO) will oversee the distribution of funds, prioritizing projects that serve unserved and underserved regions. --- - Published: 2025-02-02 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/02/arkansas-1-billion-bead-program-closes-phase-one-with-98-participation/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Digital Divide, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband The Arkansas State Broadband Office closed its first BEAD funding application round, receiving 814 bids covering 98% of designated areas In early January, the Arkansas State Broadband Office opened its first application round for the state’s ~$1 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. That phase has now closed, after receiving an overwhelming response. 98% of the state's designated unserved and underserved locations received at least one bid, with 96% of the applications deemed competitive. Arkansas now moves to the adjudication phase of its first BEAD funding round (tranche). According to a LinkedIn post from Glen Howie, director of the Arkansas State Broadband Office, 814 applications were submitted in Tranche-1, with 96% deemed competitive, and 92% receiving at least one bid. The state has been allocated $1 billion in BEAD funding to expand broadband access, particularly in rural and underserved areas. A total of 48 ISPs participated, including 29 in-state and 19 out-of-state providers. From here, The State Broadband Office will evaluate and finalize all first-round applications, which will take at least three weeks, before launching the second bidding phase (Tranche-2), slated for February 13. With Arkansas’ phased approach, initial selections will be disclosed in the coming months. The state is required to submit a final proposal to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) by October, detailing all grant allocations under the program. Arkansas State Broadband Office Some Arkansas BEAD Locations Remain Unclaimed In spite of Tranche-1's response, some locations received no bids. As Arkansas moves into its scoring and adjudication phase for this round, officials will need to determine how to address these areas. The state may need to provide incentives to ISPs that take on locations that did not receive bids. “Depending on the analysis of Tranche-1 inputs, we may adjust reference prices upward in Tranche-2, which could create more demand, if needed,” Howie explained in a statement to Broadband Breakfast. Adjusting reference prices—the benchmarks used for funding allocations—could make previously unclaimed locations more attractive to ISPs. Moving Forward With the adjudication process underway, Arkansas broadband officials are evaluating bids, as are many states like Louisiana, ensuring that providers meet funding criteria, and determining any necessary adjustments before launching the next round. Results from Tranche-1 are expected in the coming weeks. Follow Us for More Updates about BEAD Brander Group is tracking the $42 Billion BEAD program and state awards on its BEAD Progress Dashboard. An overview of the program is here. We will continue to publish news about the program in 2025, as goes through the bidding and grant award phase. --- - Published: 2025-01-25 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/what-are-ipv4-blocks/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: ARIN, IP Addresses, IPv4, LACNIC, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), Subnets IPv4 addresses are essential for internet communication, but limited availability is pushing the transition to IPv6 for future connectivity. The internet as we know it relies on an intricate system of addresses that help devices communicate seamlessly across the globe. One of the most foundational components of this system is the IPv4 protocol, which has been a critical part of the internet’s architecture since its inception. IPv4 blocks are essential to understanding how the web works and why we’re seeing shifts in networking technology today. What Is an IPv4 Address? An IPv4 address is a numerical label assigned to every device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. These addresses follow a 32-bit format, written as four decimal numbers separated by dots, like 192. 168. 1. 1. Each number in an IPv4 address can range from 0 to 255, which means there are just over 4. 3 billion possible unique IPv4 addresses. While that may seem like a massive number, the explosion of internet-connected devices has pushed this system to its limits. IPv4 addresses are divided into network and host addresses How Are IPv4 Blocks Organized? To manage these addresses efficiently, IPv4 addresses are grouped into blocks, known as subnets1 or address ranges. These blocks allow organizations, internet service providers, and individuals to allocate and organize IP addresses in a structured way. Each block is defined by a prefix, which determines how many addresses it contains. For example, a /24 block contains 256 addresses, while a /16 block includes 65,536 addresses. These prefixes help simplify routing and reduce the complexity of network management. Who Manages IPv4 Blocks? The American Registry for Internet Numbers is the regional Internet registry for the United States, Canada, and many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands. APNIC (the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) is the regional Internet address registry for the Asia–Pacific region. RIPE NCC is the regional Internet registry for Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia LACNIC is the Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry The allocation of IPv4 blocks is overseen by five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) around the world. These organizations are responsible for distributing IP address blocks to local registries, internet service providers, and end-users in their respective regions. The five RIRs include ARIN2 (North America), RIPE NCC (Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia), APNIC (Asia-Pacific), AFRINIC (Africa), and LACNIC (Latin America and the Caribbean). This global structure ensures that IP addresses are allocated fairly and managed efficiently. Classification of IPv4 Blocks IPv4 blocks are also classified into five classes, ranging from Class A to Class E, based on their intended use. Classes A, B, and C are for general public use, with Class A blocks containing the largest number of addresses and Class C blocks containing the fewest. Class D blocks are reserved for multicast groups, while Class E blocks are experimental and not used for public internet traffic. This classification system was designed to accommodate a wide variety of use cases, from large organizations to individual users. What Is Subnetting? One critical aspect of IPv4 blocks is subnetting, which allows network administrators to divide larger blocks into smaller ones. Subnetting3 makes it possible to allocate IP addresses more efficiently, reducing waste and optimizing network performance. For example, a company with a /16 block can divide it into smaller subnets to separate different departments or geographic locations. Subnetting also enhances security by isolating segments of a network, limiting the potential impact of a breach. Challenges Facing IPv4 Despite its foundational role, IPv4 is facing significant challenge4s due to the limited number of available addresses. The rapid growth of the internet, fueled by smartphones, IoT devices, and cloud services, has outpaced the capacity of IPv4. As a result, the world has begun transitioning to IPv6, a newer protocol that provides a virtually unlimited number of addresses. However, this transition has been slow, as it requires significant updates to infrastructure and software. Workarounds for IPv4 Exhaustion IPv4 address exhaustion has also given rise to practices like Network Address Translation (NAT) and the secondary market for IP addresses. NAT allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address, which conserves the limited pool of IPv4 addresses. Meanwhile, the secondary market enables organizations to buy and sell IPv4 blocks, often at a high cost due to their scarcity. These solutions have helped extend the lifespan of IPv4 but highlight the urgent need for widespread IPv6 adoption. IPv4 blocks provide a way to efficiently manage and allocate groups of IP addresses within a network Why IPv4 Blocks Matter Understanding IPv4 blocks is crucial for anyone interested in the underlying mechanics of the internet. These address ranges form the backbone of our digital world, enabling billions of devices to connect and communicate. While IPv4 has served us well for decades, its limitations are driving innovation and change in how we approach networking. The transition to IPv65 represents a new era for the internet, promising to meet the demands of our increasingly connected world. Conclusion IPv4 blocks may seem like a technical detail, but they’re a cornerstone of modern technology. As we continue to push the boundaries of connectivity, these foundational concepts remain as relevant as ever. Whether you’re a network engineer, a tech enthusiast, or just someone curious about how the internet works, understanding IPv4 blocks is an essential step in appreciating the complexity and beauty of the digital age. For more information about blocks IPv4 Connect Buys and Sells IPv4 Blocks --- - Published: 2025-01-15 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/bead-progress-brightspeeds-238-million-network-expansion/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Infrastructure, Internet Service Providers, Rural Broadband Brightspeed announces $238 million in public funding – including a BEAD grant – to enhance broadband access for underserved communities. Broadband Provider Brightspeed Announces Public Funding for Digital Infrastructure Brightspeed, a broadband and fiber company launched in 2022, specializes in providing and delivering high-speed internet across the United States. In January, the company announced it has reached $238 million in public funding to expand its efforts to bridge the digital divide. A significant portion of this funding comes from the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program, emphasizing the company’s commitment to improving connectivity in rural and suburban communities. The funding is part of Brightspeed's commitment to invest $2 billion in building a fiber network to provide faster, more reliable internet and Wi-Fi to communities across the Midwest, Southeast, and certain parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Since launching its fiber build in 2022, Brightspeed has deployed over 103,000 miles of fiber-optic cable, surpassing its year-end goal by reaching approximately 1. 82 million fiber-enabled locations across its 20-state footprint. Louisiana BEAD Project In November, Brightspeed announced its first federal Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) program award, receiving over $7. 5 million from Louisiana to extend its fiber network to 2,800 additional locations. This is part of Brightspeed’s multi-billion-dollar investment to deliver high-speed internet to over 4 million homes and businesses across 20 states, addressing connectivity gaps in underserved areas. Brightspeed’s Louisiana BEAD project was officially announced earlier this year. This initiative aims to extend broadband services to unconnected regions of Louisiana, addressing long-standing gaps in internet access. The project underscores Brightspeed’s strategy to leverage federal and state funding to meet critical infrastructure needs. Funding Overview Brightspeed's public funding comes from various sources: Federal - A substantial portion comes from the BEAD program, a federal initiative designed to ensure equitable broadband access nationwide. State Contributions - State governments, including Louisiana, have allocated funds to support Brightspeed’s efforts to expand broadband infrastructure in their regions. Local Municipalities - Have also provided grants to support targeted connectivity projects. Public-Private - Additional funding comes from partnerships and other public-private collaborations aimed at accelerating broadband deployment. A breakdown of Brightspeed's Public Funding: Alabama: ~$597,000 - connecting more than 1,000 locations Arkansas: $470,000 - connecting 580 homes and businesses Indiana: More than $5. 5 million - connecting nearly 3,300 locations Kansas: ~$474,000 - connecting more than 550 locations Louisiana: ~$270,000 - connecting more than 400 locations Louisiana (BEAD funding): $7. 5 million+ - reaching 2,800 premises Michigan: $774,000 - connecting nearly 390 locations North Carolina: ~$180 million - funding connections to more than 80,000 premises Ohio: $12. 3 million+ - connecting nearly 5,900 homes and businesses Pennsylvania: $782,000 - connecting 340 locations South Carolina: $3. 8 million+ - connecting nearly 5,200 locations Tennessee: $6. 8 million - connecting 2,800 locations Texas: $2. 3 million - connecting nearly 5,000 locations Virginia: $5. 6 million - connecting nearly 3,500 homes and businesses Wisconsin: ~$11. 9 million - connecting more than 8,400 locations The secured funding will support several key initiatives: Deployment of fiber-optic networks in underserved areas. Expansion of high-speed internet access to rural and suburban communities. Upgrades to existing infrastructure to ensure reliable and modern connectivity. Progress of the BEAD Program The BEAD program has seen increasing momentum. In 2024, the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program continued its efforts to expand high-speed internet access across the United States. By December 2024, the federal government had obligated the entire $42. 45 billion allocated for BEAD funding to all 56 eligible entities, including all 50 states, Washington D. C. , and five U. S. territories. Impact on Communities The funding will have a transformative effect on the communities Brightspeed serves: Rural and Suburban Communities: Expanded broadband access will enable more residents to participate in the digital economy, access education, and utilize telehealth services. Economic Growth: Improved connectivity is expected to attract businesses, foster innovation, and boost local economies. Job Creation: Infrastructure projects will create jobs in construction, technology, and maintenance, directly benefiting local workers. Brightspeed has expressed enthusiasm about the funding’s potential. "Internet connectivity is no longer a luxury, it is a necessity," added Brightspeed' Vice President's Pamela Sherwood. Progress in the BEAD Program The Biden administration’s emphasis on broadband funding accelerated efforts to bridge the digital divide. Public funding has been instrumental in enabling large-scale projects like the BEAD program, and 2025 is set to be a pivotal year for its implementation. --- - Published: 2025-01-07 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/louisiana-bead-grant-414000-to-local-isp-phirelink/ - Categories: BEAD News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Internet Service Providers, Public Infrastructue, Rural Broadband Louisiana's BEAD program begins distributing $1.3 billion in grants for expanding high-speed internet access to underserved areas. First State to award BEAD Grants Louisiana, the first state to award funding for the $42. 5 billion Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) program, is still early in the process of making $1. 3 billion in infrastructure grants, with 95% of its grants going to fiber internet. On January 6th, PhireLink, a local Louisiana ISP announced that it is among the first to receive a BEAD grant. PhireLink, headquartered in Farmerville, Louisiana, also operates in Colorado and Kansas, and has expansion plans to cover most Southern states. Its BEAD award will extend high-speed internet access to underserved areas in Slidell and St. Tammany Parish in Louisiana. The announcement comes as part of Louisiana’s ongoing push to close the connectivity gap in some of its most overlooked communities. Focusing on Underserved Areas While PhireLink didn’t disclose a specific dollar amount in its announcement, data from Louisiana’s ConnectLA broadband offers some insight. Slidell, a key focus area with a population of 28,000, has 142 BEAD-serviceable locations, with approximately $414,000 earmarked for local broadband projects. The broader St. Tammany Parish, population 576,000, has 106,884 BEAD-eligible locations, positioning it as a critical area for infrastructure investment. PhireLink CEO Glen Post said in a company statement “we are committed to delivering reliable broadband connectivity to unserved and underserved communities. ” The initiative will bring symmetrical 1-gigabit speeds to targeted areas, delivering drastically improved internet service. “This funding allows us to expand our efforts in Louisiana, bringing next-generation broadband to more families and businesses,” Post added. With this in mind, the BEAD program aims to close the U. S. digital divide. It is backed by $42. 5 billion from the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. In Louisiana, areas like Slidell, near New Orleans, are a top priority. These regions lack reliable internet, a crucial tool for education, healthcare, and economic growth. With this funding, PhireLink plans to show that local providers can connect communities neglected by larger ISPs. Louisiana's BEAD Grants Signal a New Era for Connectivity Louisiana's BEAD grants are a major step toward closing the state's digital divide. They are part of a national push to improve internet access and affordability. The goal is to create equal digital opportunities across the U. S. In 2024, ConnectLA led the grant process. The agency worked with local governments and providers to ensure transparency. Regional ISPs awarded the funds will bring high-speed fiber and wireless broadband to neglected areas. The grants focus on regions with the greatest need, especially in northern and central Louisiana. Many of these areas have limited or unreliable internet. The funding will support gigabit-speed networks, offering fast and affordable connections to homes and businesses. This effort aims to provide reliable internet where it’s long overdue. It is part of Louisiana’s plan to achieve statewide broadband coverage by 2029. Governor John Bel Edwards has been among the most proactive US state leaders in expediting the BEAD program, saying in 2023 "will start executing shovel-ready projects in 2024," and was the first state to award grants. By reducing barriers to digital inclusion, Louisiana is also addressing disparities in access to remote learning, telehealth, and online job opportunities, which became glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. BEAD Progress Going in to 2025 While the implementation of full broadband coverage will take many years, Louisiana’s BEAD grant awards mark a turning point for the state’s connectivity landscape. With projects already in motion, residents of underserved areas can look forward to the tangible benefits of high-speed internet, and a more connected future. --- - Published: 2025-01-02 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2025/01/best-internet-service-providers-of-2025-our-picks-for-the-best-connectivity/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Internet Service Providers, Reviews Our picks for ISPs for 2025: Speed, affordability, availability. We review options for fiber, 5G, satellite, and cable. As we embrace the digital advancements of 2025, reliable and fast internet connectivity is more important than ever. To help you find the right service, we’ve reviewed the best ISPs this year, highlighting top performers in speed, affordability, coverage, and specialized features. Best Overall: Verizon Fios Why It Wins: With unmatched reliability, consistent speeds, and excellent customer satisfaction, Verizon Fios remains the gold standard in fiber-optic internet. Whether for streaming, gaming, or remote work, it excels across the board. Best Fiber Availability: AT&T Fiber Why It Wins: AT&T Fiber continues to expand its footprint, offering ultra-fast speeds and excellent coverage. If fiber is available in your area, AT&T is a fantastic choice for performance and reliability. Most Affordable ISP: Xfinity Internet Why It Wins: Xfinity remains the top pick for affordability, with budget-friendly plans that cater to a wide range of customers. Its flexible packages make it easy to find a plan that suits both your needs and budget. Fastest Cable ISP: Spectrum Internet Why It Wins: Spectrum dominates the cable internet space with consistently fast speeds, even during peak hours. Its widespread availability makes it a top contender for families and professionals alike. Fastest ISP Overall: Google Fiber Why It Wins: Google Fiber continues to push the boundaries of internet speeds, offering symmetrical upload and download rates that are perfect for power users, gamers, and anyone needing ultra-fast connectivity. Best Cable ISP for Gaming: Cox Internet Why It Wins: Gamers will appreciate Cox’s low latency, stable connections, and gaming-optimized plans, ensuring smooth gameplay and minimal interruptions. Best ISP for Rural Areas: T-Mobile 5G Home Internet Why It Wins: T-Mobile’s 5G Home Internet has revolutionized rural connectivity, delivering reliable, high-speed internet to areas where traditional ISPs often struggle to provide service. Best Satellite ISP: Starlink Why It Wins: SpaceX’s Starlink continues to redefine satellite internet with low-latency, high-speed connections that make it a viable option even for demanding online activities in remote locations. Best DSL Provider: Kinetic by Windstream Why It Wins: Kinetic by Windstream is the go-to option for DSL users, offering dependable service in areas where fiber or cable networks are unavailable. Best Internet Provider for Innovation: Comcast Xfinity 10G Why It Wins: Comcast’s rollout of its 10G network has set a new standard for high-speed connectivity, combining lightning-fast speeds with robust infrastructure to support future tech needs. How to Select the Best Internet Service Provider Choosing an internet service provider (ISP) can feel overwhelming, especially with so many options and varying factors to consider. While some aspects, like pricing, are straightforward to compare, others, such as customer service, may only become evident after direct experience. Here’s a guide to help you evaluate the most important considerations when selecting a new ISP. 1. Assessing Costs and Discounts The cost of internet service depends on several factors, including your location, the type of connection (fiber, cable, DSL, or satellite), the speed you need, and whether you bundle services like phone or TV. Income-based discounts may also significantly reduce your costs. Affordable Options: One of the lowest-priced plans in our review costs $9. 95 per month, offering speeds up to 50 Mbps. This plan is available to those who qualify for the Federal Communications Commission’s Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), which provides a $30 monthly discount for low-income households. All ISPs in our ratings participate in the ACP. Standard Plans: If you don’t qualify for ACP, options like Xfinity’s entry-level plan start at $19. 99 per month. Lower-speed plans are typically less expensive and suitable for basic activities like browsing and streaming in HD. High-Speed Plans: Plans with speeds for high-demand activities, such as working from home or transferring large files, start between $55 and $90 per month and can exceed several hundred dollars for premium options. 2. Choosing the Right Speed Your internet speed should align with your online activities. While a 30 Mbps plan may suffice for web surfing and streaming, more intensive tasks like video conferencing or downloading large files may require faster speeds. Speed Range: ISPs in our rankings offer speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 8 Gbps in select areas. Symmetrical Speeds: Fiber providers like Google Fiber and Kinetic Internet offer symmetrical download and upload speeds, making them ideal for gaming, remote work, and content creation. Testing Your Speed: If you're unsure about your current speeds, consider running a speed test to determine if you need an upgrade. You can also consult our guide on determining the best internet speed for your needs. 3. Understanding Reliability and Customer Satisfaction A reliable connection is crucial, especially with more people working and studying from home. Frequent outages or slowdowns can disrupt productivity and entertainment. ISPs with high customer satisfaction scores tend to prioritize speed, dependability, and transparent billing practices. 4. Clarity in Billing and Payment Options Some ISPs provide straightforward billing, while others may include hidden fees or ambiguous charges. Look for providers offering easy-to-read bills and multiple payment methods, such as digital wallets (e. g. , Apple Pay) or traditional checks. Many ISPs offer discounts for opting into autopay and paperless billing. 5. Researching Provider Reputation Since evaluating some factors, like customer service, is challenging before signing up, rely on trustworthy reviews and recommendations: Professional Reviews: Use unbiased sources like our Best Internet Service Providers rankings to identify top-rated ISPs. Community Feedback: Ask friends, family, or neighbors for their experiences with local providers. 6. Know Your Complaint Options If issues arise with your ISP, you can file a complaint through federal resources like the USA. gov website, which provides guidance on addressing service disputes. Make an Informed Decision By carefully evaluating costs, speeds, reliability, billing transparency, and reputation, you can choose an ISP that fits your needs and avoids potential frustrations. With the right service, staying connected—whether for work, education, or entertainment—becomes seamless. Find the Right Fit for You Whether you’re searching for top-tier speeds, cost-effective options, or reliable service in remote areas, the best ISPs of 2025 have something to offer everyone. With options like fiber,... --- - Published: 2024-12-27 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/china-intensifies-ipv6-push-amid-slowing-adoption-rates/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: China, IP Addresses, IPv4, IPv6, Network Address Translation (NAT) The growth and challenges of IPv6 adoption in China and the strategies being implemented to boost progress. China’s ambitious push to implement IPv6, the next-generation internet protocol, is encountering both progress and challenges. While the country continues to make strides in IPv6 adoption, recent data suggests that the rate of growth in IPv6 users has slowed. Despite this, the government remains committed to transforming the nation’s internet infrastructure, with plans to tackle the slowdown and further expand the protocol’s reach. At the third China IPv6 Innovation and Development Conference, which took place in July 2024, Chinese officials reported that as of May 2024, approximately 794 million people in the country were actively using IPv6. This marks a significant achievement, as the number represents over half of the country’s population. However, the increase from the previous year has been relatively modest, raising concerns about the pace of adoption in a nation that has long viewed network infrastructure as a key driver of its economic development. To put the numbers in context, at the same conference last year, China had reported 763 million active IPv6 users as of May 2023, up from 697 million in 2022. The incremental rise of 31 million users over the past year contrasts with the 66 million-user growth seen between 2022 and 2023. While the figures still indicate a large-scale adoption effort, the slowdown is noteworthy, especially given the importance of IPv6 for China's long-term technological goals. Slow Adoption, Big Plans Ahead Global IPv6 Adoption, from Google's IPv6 statistics Despite the slower-than-expected adoption rate, China is still on track to meet some of its key IPv6 goals. The country is working towards reaching 800 million IPv6 users by 2025, a milestone that is expected to further solidify the country’s place as one of the world’s largest consumers of the protocol. In addition, China has set a target of ensuring that 70% of mobile traffic will be carried over IPv6 by the same year. This target for mobile traffic is seen as critical for optimizing internet services and improving overall network performance in one of the world’s largest mobile user markets. In terms of fixed network traffic, China has already achieved its target, with 15% of fixed traffic now routed through IPv6 networks. While this is a significant accomplishment, it underscores the disparity between mobile and fixed network adoption. The greater challenge remains in mobile internet usage, where much of China’s internet activity takes place. The government’s plans to boost IPv6 adoption come on the heels of a bold mandate issued in 2023 that could accelerate this transition. The ruling requires that all new Wi-Fi routers sold in China must support IPv6 and be configured to use it by default as soon as they are powered on. This mandate is expected to have a significant impact, particularly as China’s consumer electronics market remains vast, with millions of new devices entering homes each year. By embedding IPv6 into Wi-Fi routers at the point of sale, the government is hoping to set the foundation for seamless adoption across households and businesses alike. IPv6 in the Spotlight: China's National IPv6 Strategy China’s push for IPv6 adoption is part of a larger, more ambitious national strategy to upgrade its digital infrastructure. As of now, China is still significantly reliant on IPv4, a protocol that was developed in the 1980s and has become increasingly inadequate as the internet has grown. IPv4 addresses are finite, and with over 330 million IPv4 addresses allocated to China, the country faces a growing shortage in meeting the needs of an ever-expanding population of internet-connected devices. One of the key challenges of IPv4 is Network Address Translation (NAT), a technique used to overcome the limitations of IPv4’s address space. While NAT can allow multiple devices to share a single IPv4 address, it introduces complications in network performance, security, and manageability. In contrast, IPv6 offers a virtually unlimited address space and enhanced capabilities for network optimization, management, and security — all critical components for China’s long-term tech ambitions. To overcome these challenges, China has devised a multi-pronged approach to accelerate IPv6 adoption. This includes efforts to rebuild networks in key urban areas and pilot regions, with a special focus on eight cities — including Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou, and Shenzhen — that have a combined population of more than 110 million people. Over the next year, government agencies, data center operators, and consumers in these cities will participate in a "special action" to further promote IPv6. The initiative is designed to stimulate adoption in these regions, create a model for other cities to follow, and demonstrate the capabilities of IPv6 on a large scale. Global IPv6 Landscape: China Lags Behind IPv6 Adoption timeline, from Google's IPv6 statistics While China is making efforts to boost IPv6 adoption, it still lags behind many other countries in terms of overall IPv6 capability. According to data from Akamai and the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), China ranks 61st globally in IPv6 adoption, with just 36. 71% of its networks supporting the protocol. In comparison, India leads the world with 79. 85% of its networks running IPv6, followed by Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, France, and Germany. China lags behind global leaders but understands the need to stay competitive in the digital space. The government invests heavily in internet infrastructure, digital services, and high-tech innovation. It views IPv6 as essential for IoT, big data, and 5G technologies. The government sees the protocol as a key to future economic growth. Looking Ahead: China's IPv6 Future The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 presents significant challenges, demanding substantial investments in infrastructure, education, and policy. However, China demonstrates its determination to lead in technological advancement by leveraging its vast population and market potential to overcome these hurdles. By implementing the "de-NAT" policy, which eliminates NAT from many networks and mandates a full shift to IPv6, China showcases its commitment to this transformation. As more networks adopt IPv6 and come online, China’s digital ecosystem grows more efficient, secure, and scalable. Whether China will secure its position as the world’s top IPv6 adopter in the coming years remains uncertain.... --- - Published: 2024-12-20 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/what-the-barracuda-reputation-block-list-brbl/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Blacklists and Blocklists, email, Hackers, Spam The Barracuda Reputation Block List (BRBL) flags problematic IPs for spam. Maintain secure practices and to avoid and delist. If your emails are being blocked or flagged as spam, your IP address or domain might be listed on the Barracuda Reputation Block List (BRBL). This blacklist identifies IP addresses associated with sending spam or hosting poorly configured servers, and it can have a direct impact on your email deliverability. What Is the Barracuda Reputation Block List? The BRBL is a widely recognized blacklist used to identify and block IP addresses associated with spam and malicious activities. Managed by Barracuda Networks, this system plays a crucial role in combating spam and maintaining secure communication channels. Here are the basics: IP-Based Listings: The BRBL flags specific IP addresses rather than domains. Impact on Email Deliverability: While the overall impact is typically low, businesses sending significant volumes of B2B emails may experience more severe disruptions. Why Do IPs Get Listed on the BRBL? The BRBL automatically lists IP addresses that fail to meet its anti-spam standards. Some common reasons for being added include: Open Relays or Open Proxies: Servers that allow unauthorized access can facilitate spam distribution. Spam or Viruses Detected: Emails sent from an IP address to Barracuda’s spam traps containing spam or malware will trigger a listing. Poor Server Configuration: Misconfigured servers can inadvertently contribute to spam activity. Violations of the CAN-SPAM Act: Non-compliance with this email regulation, such as sending unsolicited bulk emails, can lead to blocklisting. Emails sent from a listed IP are scored against Barracuda’s Reputation System. If flagged as spam, the sender's IP is added to the BRBL. How to Remove Your IP from the BRBL If your IP address has been listed, Barracuda allows for manual delisting requests. However, simply submitting a request won’t solve the issue unless you address the root cause. Here’s what you need to do: Identify the Problem: Check for open relays, proxies, or compromised accounts on your server. Fix the Issue: Ensure proper configuration and security measures are in place. Submit a Removal Request: Visit the Barracuda Lookup Tool and follow their delisting process. Keep in mind, failure to resolve the underlying problem can lead to relisting, prolonging the impact on your email deliverability. Tips for Staying Off the BRBL Prevention is the best strategy when it comes to blocklists. Follow these tips to reduce your risk: Secure Your Servers: Regularly audit your servers for open relays or proxies. Avoid Purchased Email Lists: Sending to bought lists increases the risk of hitting spam traps. Practice Opt-In Email Collection: Use confirmed opt-in methods to ensure all subscribers consent to receive your emails. Comply with the CAN-SPAM Act: Familiarize yourself with its requirements and adhere to them consistently. Maintain Good List Hygiene: Remove inactive or invalid email addresses from your list to prevent bounces and spam trap hits. Final Thoughts The Barracuda Reputation Block List is a powerful tool for maintaining secure and spam-free email communication, but being listed can disrupt your outreach efforts. By understanding the reasons for blocklisting and adopting best practices, you can minimize your risk and ensure uninterrupted email deliverability. For more information, visit Barracuda’s official website. --- - Published: 2024-12-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/fate-of-federally-funded-internet-for-rural-communities/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program, Federal Programs, Internet Service Providers, Rural Broadband The Supreme Court is preparing to rule on whether rural, low-income communities maintain access to subsidized internet, or lose connectivity The Supreme Court is preparing to rule on whether rural, low-income communities maintain access to federally subsidized internet provided by the Universal Service Fund, or lose connectivity if they can’t afford it. This decision could reshape how millions of Americans access critical online resources. The Universal Service Fund: Bridging the Digital Divide In the 1990s, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) launched the Universal Service Fund (USF) to ensure equitable internet access. Funded by fees on telecom companies (costs often passed to consumers), the program provides internet subsidies to families, schools, libraries, and healthcare providers in underserved areas. However, the program faces a major legal challenge. Consumers’ Research, a conservative nonprofit, has sued the FCC, arguing that the funding mechanism is unconstitutional. The group claims that delegating congressional taxing authority to the FCC and its managing partner, the Universal Service Administrative Company, violates the Constitution. A Court Ruling That Could Change Everything In July, the U. S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit ruled in favor of Consumers’ Research. Judge Andrew Oldham labeled the program a “misbegotten tax” and declared its structure unconstitutional. Now, the Supreme Court will weigh in on the appeal, with the potential to upend decades of precedent. Who Stands to Lose? Ironically, the communities most at risk—rural and low-income areas—are often politically aligned with conservative values. These are the regions that overwhelmingly supported Donald Trump in recent elections. If the program ends, many of these households could lose their only affordable internet access. This scenario mirrors the fate of the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), a similar initiative that provided $30 monthly internet subsidies to millions of households. Established through President Biden’s bipartisan infrastructure bill, the ACP served 23 million homes before running out of funding earlier this year. Its absence has left many families scrambling to stay connected. FCC Leadership Responds FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel has expressed optimism about the Supreme Court’s review. “For decades, there has been broad, bipartisan support for the Universal Service Fund and the FCC programs that help communications reach the most rural and least-connected households,” she said in a recent statement. “I am hopeful that the Supreme Court will overturn the decision that put this vital system at risk. ” The Stakes Are High While legal experts argue that there’s little precedent for Consumers’ Research’s position, the Supreme Court’s recent track record of overturning established laws leaves the program’s future uncertain. If the court rules against the USF, it could signal the end of federally subsidized internet for many communities in desperate need. This decision will not just impact access to the internet but could ripple across education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. For rural America, the stakes couldn’t be higher. ◼ --- - Published: 2024-12-05 - Modified: 2025-09-26 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/12/what-is-afrnic/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: AFRINIC, IPv4, IPv6, Network Infrastructure, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), RPKI, Whois AFRINIC manages IP addresses and ASNs across Africa, promoting IPv4 and IPv6 adoption and providing services for internet stability. Understanding the AFRINIC The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) plays a vital role in managing Internet resources, serving one of the most essential functions in modern digital infrastructure. Here we explore ARIN’s mission, services, and impact as a Regional Internet Registry (RIR). In Short ARIN oversees the allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) across the U. S. , Canada, and parts of the Caribbean as one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Following IPv4 depletion in 2015, ARIN has implemented transfer policies and promotes IPv6 adoption while managing remaining IPv4 resources. Beyond allocation, ARIN offers critical services such as Whois database management, technical coordination, and educational initiatives to support the internet community. The five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC What is ARIN? ARIN is one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) responsible for allocating and managing Internet resources. They are broken up into different regions: AFRINIC – The African Network Information Center APNIC – The Asia-Pacific Network Information Center ARIN – North America LACNIC – The Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Center RIPE NCC – The Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Center These registries ensure the efficient and fair distribution of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) to maintain global Internet connectivity. Geographic Scope of AFRNIC ARIN’s jurisdiction covers a diverse range of territories, including: Canadian Sector: Canada Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands Sector: Approximately 20 island nations and territories, including Jamaica, the Bahamas, and St. Lucia Outlying Areas Sector: Remote territories such as St. Helena, Bouvet Island, Heard and McDonald Islands, and Antarctica United States Sector: The United States, Puerto Rico, US Minor Outlying Islands, and the Virgin Islands Service Regions ARIN’s jurisdiction covers four primary sectors: United States: Includes the mainland, Puerto Rico, and U. S. territories. Canada: Encompasses the entire country. Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands: Covers about 20 island nations and territories. Outlying Areas: Includes remote locations such as Antarctica. Core Functions and Services of ARIN Resource Management ARIN manages the allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with ASNs, across its service region. Since IPv4 exhaustion, it has enforced strict transfer policies and strongly advocates for IPv6 adoption to ensure fair and efficient resource distribution. Registry and Database Services ARIN maintains vital registry services, including: Whois Database: A public directory providing details on IP address assignments and routing information. WhoWas Database: A historical record of IP address ownership. Internet Routing Registry (IRR): Ensuring transparency and supporting network security. Technical and Security Services ARIN provides essential technical support, including: Reverse DNS Management for accurate domain resolution. Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to enhance routing security. Collaboration with other RIRs to ensure seamless global resource coordination. Policy Development and Community Support ARIN collaborates with stakeholders to develop policies governing IP allocation and offers educational initiatives for Internet governance. Focus Areas ARIN prioritizes internet stability, security, and transparency within its jurisdiction. Key initiatives include: Routing Security: Strengthening the integrity of internet routing through RPKI. Community Education: Offering technical training and educational programs to enhance understanding of network management and security. Internet Governance: Actively participating in policy discussions to shape the future of internet resource management. IPv4 & IPv6 Transition: Facilitating the transfer and efficient use of remaining IPv4 addresses while encouraging IPv6 adoption. IPv4 and IPv6 Management Since declaring IPv4 exhaustion in 2015, ARIN has focused on managing existing resources efficiently. It offers a waiting list for reclaimed IPv4 addresses and supports an active transfer market to meet ongoing demand. Meanwhile, the organization continues to advocate for the adoption of IPv6 to ensure long-term internet growth. ARIN Registration Services The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) provides authoritative and comprehensive registration services, including the allocation, assignment, and transfer of essential internet number resources: IPv4 addresses IPv6 addresses Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) ARIN’s role in managing the registration of IP addresses and ASNs within its service region is conducted with a high level of professionalism and dedication to serving the community’s diverse needs. This ensures a structured and efficient oversight of internet number resource distribution, essential for maintaining the robustness and reliability of global internet infrastructure. History and Evolution of ARINThe need for structured IP management emerged in the 1990s, leading to the establishment of ARIN in 1997. Since then, ARIN has played a crucial role in Internet governance, evolving alongside technological advancements: 2002-2005 – ARIN’s jurisdiction was refined with the creation of LACNIC and AFRINIC. 2015 – ARIN announced the depletion of its IPv4 address pool, marking a major shift toward IPv6 adoption. The Future of ARIN With the depletion of IPv4, ARIN actively promotes IPv6 adoption and manages resource transfers to ensure sustainability. Through its technical services, registry management, and policy leadership, ARIN continues to be an essential pillar of Internet stability and security. Conclusion ARIN is a cornerstone of internet infrastructure, serving far beyond an IP address registry. It functions as an essential governing body of the internet. Through its services, transparent policies, and active community engagement, ARIN ensures the stable and secure evolution of the internet. For ISPs, network operators, and organizations reliant on internet resources, understanding ARIN’s role is key. As the internet continues to evolve, ARIN’s resource management and regional development makes it crucial in shaping future connectivity. ARIN FAQ How can I obtain IP resources from ARIN? You can request IP addresses or ASNs from ARIN by applying through their website. Eligibility depends on demonstrated need and compliance with ARIN’s policies. If resources are unavailable, you may join the waiting list or acquire addresses through the transfer market. What role does ARIN play in routing security? ARIN enhances routing security through services like RPKI, which helps prevent IP address hijacking and route leaks. It also maintains databases such as the Internet Routing Registry (IRR) to facilitate transparent and secure network operations. How does ARIN’s transfer market work? The ARIN transfer market allows organizations to buy, sell, or lease IPv4 addresses. Transactions must comply with ARIN’s transfer policies to ensure proper... --- - Published: 2024-09-25 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/09/what-is-ip2location/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: Cybersecurity, Enterprise Software, Geolocation, IPv4, IPv6 IP2 Location specializes in geolocation technology, linking IP addresses to geographic data for marketing, security, and privacy applications. The Basics IP2 Location is a geolocation database and software solution1 that determines the physical location of an IP address. It is commonly used by businesses for targeted marketing, fraud prevention, content personalization, and security applications. The service works by referencing an IP address database that links IP addresses to geographic information, and can identify the geographic location of users, such as country, region, city, and even the precise latitude and longitude of an IP address. Additionally, IP2 Location detects IP addresses associated with anonymous proxies, VPNs, and other privacy tools. IP2Location Logo How IP2Location Works Every device connected to the internet has an IP (Internet Protocol) address. This works as a digital fingerprint, uniquely identifying a device among millions of others. IP2Location takes an IP address and references it against other available data, to provide information about the IP; country, region, city, latitude, longitude, and sometimes even ZIP codes. What Data Does It Capture? As the name implies, the IP2Location focuses primarily on geolocation data. The company characterizes this as as non-intrusive "coarse" information, and retrieves the data without explicit user consent Country, Region, and City: The physical location of the IP address. ZIP Code Area Code Elevation ISP (Internet Service Provider): The company providing internet access for the IP. Domain Name: The domain associated with the IP address. Time Zone and Coordinates: Precise latitude and longitude data. Connection Type: Identifies if the connection is DSL, broadband, etc. ASN & District Weather Station Data Address Type & Usage Type Time Zone, ISP, Domain, Net Speed Advertising Category Mobile Carrier Information, MNC, MCC Anonymous Proxies: Detects IP addresses associated with proxies, VPNs, or other anonymizing tools. IP Address is a Fingerprint Every device connected to the internet has an IP (Internet Protocol) address. Think of it as a digital fingerprint, a unique string of numbers identifying a device in the vast web of connectivity. IP 2Location takes this identifier and translates it into meaningful data: country, region, city, latitude, longitude, and sometimes even ZIP codes. It’s a process of transforming abstract numbers into tangible context. But how does this work? The technology relies on multiple databases, continuously updated, that link IP ranges with physical locations. It’s an ongoing process of aggregating data from various sources, including regional internet registries and network providers. Screenshot of IP2Location's web interface Use Cases for IP2 Location IP2Location's applications span several industries, from marketers, to security professionals and developers. Here are a few scenarios where IP2Location proves its worth: Targeted Advertising: Digital marketers use IP2Location to geotarget ads for local businesses based on a user’s location. Content Localization: Streaming services like Netflix use IP2Location to manage content restrictions. Your geographical can determine whether distribution rights on shows and movies available to you, ensuring legal compliance. Fraud Prevention: E-commerce platforms use IP2Location to verify the legitimacy of transactions. Flagging transactions on credit cards from other geographic regions is a key use case. Cybersecurity: IP2Location helps track and mitigate cyber threats by identifying the geographic origins of malicious traffic. Security teams can block regions associated with high levels of cyberattacks. Web Analytics: Website owners analyze visitor data with IP2Location to understand their audience better. Knowing where your traffic comes from can shape content strategies and business decisions. Ethics & Privacy Concerns with Geolocation IP2Location's use of geolocation data poses questions about ethics and privacy. The use of geolocation can verge on surveillance. IP2Locatiom itself frames this as providing efficiency and security, not undermining privacy. 2 The company limits the level of identifying detail of information it provides for this reason. And some of this depends on implementation. Organizations that use IP2Location also need to respect the privacy of users. Transparent data policies, informed consent, and adherence to regulations like the GDPR are essential safeguards. Limits of Geolocation It’s worth noting that IP2Location isn’t foolproof. The accuracy of IP-based geolocation3 depends on various factors, including the type of IP address (static or dynamic) and the location of the ISP. While city-level precision is often achievable, pinpointing a user’s exact location is rare. Misconceptions about the technology’s capabilities can lead to misplaced trust. IP2Location can tell you where an IP address is likely originating, but it cannot identify a specific user or device. The difference between probabilistic data and personal data is significant, and conflating the two can lead to flawed conclusions. Geolocation is Here to Stay As the internet evolves, so too do geolocation technologies like IP2Location. The rise of IPv6, the next-generation internet protocol, introduces new challenges and opportunities. With trillions of possible addresses, the scope for IP2Location to refine its algorithms and expand its database is immense. Machine learning and artificial intelligence will also play a role. Predictive analytics could enhance IP2Location’s accuracy, integrating it seamlessly into broader data ecosystems. As IoT (Internet of Things) devices proliferate, geolocation will become even more crucial for managing and securing our interconnected world. The Takeaway IP2 Location is widely used, and shapes the way we interact with digital spaces. It bridges the gap between the virtual and the physical, making the internet a little less abstract and anonymous. From personalized ads to cybersecurity, its influence is as wide-ranging as the web itself. Yet, like all tools, its value lies in how it’s used. As geolocation is integrated into almost everything internet, it is important to consider that technology as a tool works best when it respects the boundaries of ethics and privacy. In an age where every click leaves a trace, it is useful to understand how tools like IP2 Location work. --- - Published: 2024-08-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/08/ripe-pi-vs-pa/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: IP Addresses, RIPE NCC The key difference between Provider Aggregatable (PA) and Independent (PI) addresses lies in their aggregation capabilities and independence. The Case for RIPE PI vs. PA IPv4 Addresses Spamhaus DROP lists play a key role in combating IP hijacking. These lists include IP addresses used for malicious activities like spreading malware, controlling botnets, or committing other cybercrimes. The service allows IPv4 address owners to report hijacked IPs, blocking bad actors from announcing them in BGP. The Spamhaus Project offers the Don’t Route or Peer Protection List (DROP) for free to improve internet security. As part of the Spamhaus Blocklist (SBL), DROP lists protect all internet protocols, including web traffic. Designed for Tier-1 and backbone providers, these lists block malicious traffic using advanced firewalls and routing tools. Before adding subnets to DROP lists, Spamhaus confirms control by cybercrime groups or “bulletproof” hosting providers through thorough investigations and forensic analysis. With IPv4 depletion, assignments have become more dynamic, often managed by trusted facilitators like Brander Group. Cybercriminals frequently change ASNs and corporate identities to avoid detection, making daily updates to DROP lists essential for tracking these tactics. The Independence of PI Addresses A significant advantage of PI addresses is that they allow end users to maintain their IP address allocations independently from their internet service providers. This independence is particularly important for organizations that frequently switch providers or require a stable IP address range that is not linked to a specific LIR’s allocation. RIPE NCC Halts Assignment of New IPv4 PI Addresses IPv4 PI addresses are scarce because RIPE NCC stopped assigning new ones due to address exhaustion. This scarcity raises the value of existing IPv4 PI addresses, which provide flexibility and autonomy unavailable with PA addresses. Organizations with PI addresses avoid the costs and complications of changing IPs when switching providers. End users gain significant benefits by acquiring PI addresses without becoming an LIR. Becoming an LIR requires a €1,000 setup fee and a €1,550 annual membership fee, which may be too costly for some. PI addresses offer a stable, provider-independent IP range without the financial and administrative demands of managing an LIR. Comparing RIPE PA and PI Addresses Provider Aggregatable (PA) Addresses Allocated by Local Internet Registries (LIRs) Designed for efficient aggregation Streamline routing processes for enhanced efficiency Provider Independent (PI) Addresses Assigned by regional Internet Registries (RIRs) Allow for independent IP address management Provide increased flexibility, though they are increasingly rare In Summary: RIPE PA vs. PI Addresses The key distinction between PA and PI addresses lies in their aggregation capabilities and independence. PI addresses, particularly within the IPv4 framework, are scarce yet highly valuable, enabling end users to retain their IP addresses independently from their service providers. This independence offers a strategic advantage as the internet landscape continues to evolve. Understanding these distinctions is critical for making informed decisions in the ever-changing tech environment. RIPE PA and PI: Frequently Asked Questions What is a Provider Aggregatable IPv4 Address? A Provider Aggregatable (PA) IPv4 address is an allocation by a Local Internet Registry (LIR) specifically designed for aggregation, optimizing routing efficiency. What is a Provider Independent IPv4 Address? A Provider Independent (PI) IPv4 address is issued by a Regional Internet Registry (RIR), such as RIPE NCC, allowing users to maintain their IP address allocations independently of any internet service provider, thus enhancing flexibility. Why are Provider Independent IPv4 Addresses so Valuable? With RIPE NCC ceasing the issuance of PI addresses, their scarcity continues to increase. The independence and flexibility they provide are invaluable, especially when compared to the costs associated with establishing a local internet registry. --- - Published: 2024-08-13 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/08/mitigating-ip-address-abuse-in-ipv4-transfer-and-lease-markets/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: ARIN, Blacklists and Blocklists, Cybersecurity, Hackers, IP Transfers, IPv4, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) The hidden dangers of IP transfer abuse. How cybercriminals use IP addresses for malicious activities like spam, phishing, and malware. The global shortage of IPv4 addresses has created a vibrant but vulnerable market for transferring and leasing IP addresses. As demand for these addresses increases, so does the risk of abuse. Cybercriminals are exploiting gaps in the system to hijack IP blocks for malicious activities like phishing, spam, and malware distribution. Mitigating this abuse is critical to preserving the integrity and security of the IPv4 ecosystem. Types of IP Address Abuse in the IPv4 Market One of the primary ways abuse occurs is through outdated Whois records. These records, which list ownership information for IP addresses, are often neglected or left un-updated. This creates an opportunity for bad actors to hijack dormant IP blocks and use them for illicit purposes. To combat this, it’s crucial for IP holders to regularly update their Whois information, ensuring accurate ownership records that make hijacking more difficult. Additionally, the process of transferring IP addresses between parties can be vulnerable. Malicious actors sometimes manipulate transfer processes, taking advantage of legal loopholes to acquire IP blocks they can resell or misuse. Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), such as ARIN, have stepped up by implementing stricter transfer policies and fraud reporting systems to monitor suspicious activity. However, IP holders must remain vigilant, ensuring that transfers are legitimate and properly documented. The IPv4 Lease Market The IP lease market also presents opportunities for abuse, with leased IPs often used in spam campaigns or to launch botnets. To address this, leasing platforms are employing advanced abuse mitigation tools like real-time IP reputation monitoring, Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols, and detailed activity tracking. These measures help to ensure that leased IPs are used responsibly and prevent them from being exploited by malicious actors. The global shortage of IPv4 addresses has spawned a bustling transfer and lease market, but with opportunity comes abuse. As the value of these finite resources skyrockets, malicious actors have found new ways to exploit the system, from hijacking IPs for phishing schemes to manipulating transfer processes for profit. The integrity of the IPv4 ecosystem is at risk—here’s how the industry is fighting back. The explosive growth of internet-connected devices and applications has introduced new vulnerabilities, with Internet Protocol (IP) addresses becoming prime targets for cybercriminals. While most people think of IP addresses as static identifiers for devices, they are also hotspots for a range of malicious activities—spam, phishing, botnets, and malware. The rise in digital threats, coupled with the IPv4 address shortage, has turned this seemingly benign part of the internet infrastructure into a lucrative target for bad actors. As IPv4 addresses grow scarcer and more valuable, the challenge of safeguarding them becomes all the more urgent. The Dark Side of the IPv4 Transfer Market The IPv4 market was born out of necessity. As the number of internet users surged in the early 2010s, businesses scrambled to secure IP resources—leading to the rise of the IP transfer market. However, the process of transferring IP blocks between organizations introduced new vulnerabilities. Without proper oversight, bad actors quickly recognized an opportunity to exploit these transfers for illicit gain. Take, for instance, the rampant abuse of Whois records, which provide ownership details for IP address blocks. When these records aren’t regularly updated, cybercriminals can hijack dormant IP addresses and put them to use in their spam campaigns, malware distribution, or phishing schemes. According to Dr. Vasileios Giotsas, a researcher at Lancaster University, transferred IPs are 4 to 25 times more likely to be blacklisted—an indication of how often malicious actors exploit these addresses. Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) like ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) have introduced measures to counter these abuses. ARIN’s Fraud Reporting Process, for example, allows the community to flag fraudulent transfers, hijacking, or unauthorized Whois changes. However, RIRs can’t police the market alone. Legacy IP holders also have a critical role to play. Keeping Whois records accurate and updated isn’t just a best practice—it’s a necessity to prevent hijacking. But the abuse doesn’t stop there. Cybercriminals have also targeted the process of acquiring IP addresses, manipulating waiting lists and loopholes to acquire blocks, which they then resell on the black market for millions of dollars. This has created a system where valuable IPv4 addresses are in the hands of those with malicious intent, depriving legitimate businesses of critical resources. The IP Lease Market: A New Frontier for Exploitation The lease market, where companies temporarily rent out IP addresses, has also become a hotbed for abuse. As organizations lease out their IP blocks to meet demand, malicious entities have exploited these assets for illicit purposes. This often involves using leased IPs for spam campaigns or distributing malware—activities that lead to the IP addresses being blacklisted. For ARIN, spam is the most common form of abuse, accounting for over 60% of reported incidents. While automated systems can handle a significant portion of abuse cases, the scale of the problem means that nearly half of spam-related issues still require manual intervention. This highlights a persistent challenge for IP holders who monetize their addresses through leasing: how to prevent the abuse of these rented resources. Leading IP leasing platforms are stepping up, implementing advanced abuse mitigation tools, Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols, and real-time IP reputation monitoring to minimize the risk of their resources being used for malicious activities. These tools are crucial in ensuring that the lease market remains a secure, transparent, and sustainable alternative to acquiring IPs. ARIN’s Response to Growing Abuse In response to rising concerns about IP abuse, ARIN has has rolled out resources to help the community identify and report abuse, coordinated with law enforcement agencies, and strengthened policies to ensure greater transparency in the IP transfer process. While these efforts help, they highlight the broader point that IP holders need to take an active role in safeguarding their own IPs. Strategies to Combat Abuse: A Collaborative Approach Tackling IP abuse requires a multi-pronged strategy that involves collaboration between RIRs, legacy IP holders, and IP transfer market players. At the heart of this effort is a... --- - Published: 2024-07-09 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/07/aws-byoip-price-increase-2024/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: AWS, BYOIP, IP Addresses Starting February 2024, Amazon will monetize their owned IPv4 addresses, leading to higher costs for BYOIP (Bring Your Own IP) on AWS EC2 instances. The new pricing model for their SES (Simple Email Service) product stipulates that customer-owned IPv4 addresses now incur a monthly fee of $6,387. 20 for AWS BYOIP. This translates to $24. 95 per IP per month for a minimum required /24 block (256 IPv4 addresses). AWS Charges $6,387 Monthly for BYOIP /24 Amazon now charges $0. 005 per IP per hour for using its public IPv4 addresses. This amounts to about $3. 65 per IP per month or $934. 40 per month for a /24 IP subnet. With this pricing, Amazon appears to encourage clients to use its elastic IPs instead of their own. This strategy likely reflects Amazon's substantial investment in acquiring tens of millions of IPv4 addresses over the past six years. This shift is backed by a service introduced in 2018, which was previously free, as detailed in a 2021 blog post. A screenshot from Amazon’s website shows its SES pricing, with a minimum monthly charge of $6,387 for BYOIP on AWS. Amazon Invests Billions to Lease IPv4 Addresses Amazon has been acquiring IPs for years and now holds over 100 million IPv4 addresses globally. A recent analysis places the number of IPv4 addresses Amazon owns at around 132 million, positioning them among the top 5 organizations in the US with the most IP addresses. According to IPinfo. io, as of February 2024, Amazon is announcing just over 62 million IPs across AS AS16509 & AS14618, representing around 50% utilization of Amazon’s AS numbers in the US. It will be interesting to observe how this figure evolves over the next 12 months, given their new business model. Just like real estate, these IP addresses have appreciated as they have become increasingly scarce. At an average of $50 per IP (for /16s and larger), Amazon’s holdings are valued at over $6 billion. In its characteristic forward-thinking approach, Amazon invests heavily in specific market sectors to outpace the competition. With its new pricing model for IP use, Amazon is projected to generate an additional $400 million to $1 billion annually, according to The Register. This is a significant shift, considering IP addresses were previously free on most AWS services. As IPv4 addresses become scarcer—with Amazon’s consolidation playing a part—leasing prices are likely to rise. ipinfo. io Implications for BYOIP Moving Forward Amazon’s decision to charge for Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) may drive AWS clients to explore alternatives. Yet, Amazon controls 31% of the cloud services market as of Q4 2023, rivaling Microsoft and Google combined. Migrating large organizations from an established vendor is complex, making switching providers difficult. With Amazon, Microsoft, and Google dominating the market, competitors may adopt similar BYOIP pricing models. This could further concentrate IPv4 addresses among top cloud providers as using customer-owned IPv4 addresses becomes more costly. Worldwide market share of leading cloud infrastructure service providers in 04 2023 --- - Published: 2024-04-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/04/how-to-update-ipv4-address-geolocation/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Geolocation, IP Addresses Learn how IPv4 geolocation can accurately map an IP address to a specific location and enhance content localization. What is IPv4 Geolocation? IPv4 geolocation maps an IPv4 address to a specific geographic location based on the connected device. By mapping an IP address geographically, users can determine the country, state, city, zip code, latitude/longitude, ISP, area code, and type of service associated with it. Why is IP Geolocation Important? Many content providers, systems, and services rely on geolocation to deliver appropriate content. For example, if a content provider uses geolocation records pointing to a country in Europe, and you are a US-based service provider, the content might appear in a different language. Accurate IP geolocation ensures content is localized correctly. RIPE Stat How to Update Your IPv4 Geolocation To update your IPv4 geolocation, follow these steps: Announce the IPv4 Block: Once the IPs have been transferred to your organization, announce the IPv4 block via your ISP or BGP to update global routing records. Verify the announcement by entering the IPv4 block in the RIPEstat section at RIPEstat. Update Geolocation Records: Each geolocation company has methods to update their records using BGP, global routing records, and trace routes. It typically takes 2 – 8 weeks for records to be updated. Verify Geolocation: Check your geolocation using IP Location. Review the country, region, ISP, and organization data. If any information is inaccurate, contact the providers to expedite the process. For more details, email info@brandergroup. net or contact us. How to Update Your IPv4 Geolocation Contacting Global IPv4 Geolocation Providers To request an update to geolocation records, fill out a contact form or email the support teams of these providers: ipinfo. io/contact ip2location. com (email: support@ip2location. com) db-ip. com/contact ipregistry. co (email: support@ipregistry. co) ipgeolocation. io/contact. html ipapi. com/contact ipapi. co/update-location/? verify (or if that doesn't work, ipapi. co/contact) ipdata. co/contact. html (email: support@ipdata. co) maxmind. com/en/geoip-data-correction-request (email: correction@maxmind. com) Note that each provider has different update timelines, with some only updating their records monthly. Another popular provider, MaxMind, allows you to check geolocation records via their GeoIP2 Precision Demo. Enter a single IP address from your IPv4 block to verify its geolocation. If incorrect, contact MaxMind support to request an update. By following these steps, you can ensure accurate and updated IPv4 geolocation for your IP addresses, enhancing the delivery and localization of your content. --- - Published: 2024-03-16 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/03/pros-and-cons-of-ipv4-and-ipv6-addresses/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: IP Addresses, IPv4, IPv6 What is the difference between ipv4 and ipv6? We examine advantages, challenges, and future implications of each address protocol IPv4 and IPv6: The Evolution of Internet Protocols The Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundation of modern networking, allowing devices to communicate across the internet. IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) has been the dominant standard since its introduction in the early 1980s, but its limitations—especially its 32-bit addressing system, which provides only about 4. 3 billion unique addresses—have led to the development of IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). IPv6, with its 128-bit addressing system, significantly increases the number of available addresses while also enhancing security, efficiency, and scalability. As the demand for connected devices continues to grow, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is becoming essential for the future of internet infrastructure. IPv4's Limitations In the 1970s when IPv4 was developed, it used a 32-bit number, which created just under 4. 3 billion unique addresses. With IP addresses limited to use by institutions like universities and government agencies However, the limitations of IPv4 became evident as the number of internet-connected devices soared to over 25 billion. The rise of IoT (Internet of Things) devices further exacerbated the pressure on IPv4 addresses. There just aren't enough of them. The Rise of IPv6 IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and launched in 1995 to address the IPv4 shortage and create a vastly larger pool of network addresses. With 128-bit IP addresses, IPv6 offers multiple trillions of unique addresses, far exceeding what IPv4 can provide. Benefits of IPv6 One of the major advantages of IPv6 is its ability to support the growing number of IoT devices, which are increasingly interconnected. IPv6 is more efficient in terms of address allocation and provides a flexible structure for subnetting. Moreover, IPv6 includes built-in security features like IPsec, enhancing data transmission security. Challenges of Transitioning to IPv6 One of the major advantages of IPv6 is its ability to support the growing number of IoT devices, which are increasingly interconnected. IPv6 is more efficient in terms of address allocation and provides a flexible structure for subnetting. Moreover, IPv6 includes built-in security features like IPsec, enhancing data transmission security. Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 FeatureIPv4IPv6Address Length32-bit128-bitAddress FormatNumeric (e. g. , 192. 168. 1. 1)Alphanumeric & hexadecimal (e. g. , 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334)Number of Addresses~4. 3 billion~340 undecillion (3. 4 × 10³⁸)Address ConfigurationManual or DHCPAuto-configuration & DHCPv6SecurityOptional (IPSec not mandatory)IPSec built-inHeader ComplexityMore complex, with optional fieldsSimplified, fixed-length header for better efficiencyBroadcast SupportYesNo (replaced with multicast and anycast)NAT (Network Address Translation)Required due to address exhaustionNot required due to vast address spacePacket Size576 bytes minimum1280 bytes minimumRouting EfficiencyLess efficient due to larger routing tablesMore efficient with hierarchical addressingBackward CompatibilityNo direct compatibility with IPv6Compatible with IPv4 via transition mechanisms Pros and Cons of IPv4 Pros of IPv4 Lower Memory Usage: IPv4 consumes less memory cache, allowing for faster storage and retrieval of IP addresses. This can improve performance. Security Features: IPv4 provides encryption to maintain reasonable security and privacy for your online activities. Widespread Compatibility: As an older protocol, IPv4 is supported by hundreds of thousands of devices, ensuring seamless integration and support. Ease of Expansion: Expanding your network with IPv4 is simpler and more cost-effective compared to IPv6. You can easily purchase more IPv4 addresses. Cons of IPv4 Less Efficient Routing: Internet routing with IPv4 is less effective compared to IPv6. IPv6 offers more efficient packet transfer between endpoints. High Management Costs: Managing IPv4 systems is complex and labor-intensive, resulting in higher costs compared to IPv6. Address Limitation: IPv4 has a limited number of addresses, and with the increasing number of internet users, it is running out of new, unique addresses. Pros and Cons of IPv6 Pros of IPv6 Faster Performance: As the successor to IPv4, IPv6 is designed to be faster and more efficient. It supports multicast, allowing for one-to-many distribution. Improved Routing Efficiency: IPv6 offers a more efficient approach to internet routing, improving overall traffic management. Enhanced Security: The IPv6 authentication header provides data integrity, authentication, and anti-replay protection, offering higher security levels. Ample Addresses: IPv6 offers a vastly larger number of unique addresses, virtually eliminating the risk of running out. Cons of IPv6 Compatibility Issues: Communication between IPv4 and IPv6 devices remains challenging. The best practice is to stack both protocols on servers to support communication. Slow Adoption: IPv6 adoption is slower because IPv4 is still widely used. As of June 2023, only about 40% of the internet community has adopted IPv6. High Implementation Costs: Transitioning to IPv6 requires new equipment, employee training, and readdressing old networks, leading to higher costs. By understanding the pros and cons of IPv4 and IPv6, you can make an informed decision on which protocol best suits your network needs. Conclusion Understanding the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 is crucial for making informed decisions about your network infrastructure. IPv6 provides significant benefits, such as a larger address pool and enhanced security, but transitioning from IPv4 can be complex and costly. By carefully evaluating the advantages and disadvantages, businesses can successfully navigate the future of internet protocols. Use this comprehensive guide to explore the pros and cons of IPv4 vs. IPv6. Make informed networking decisions for your organization with insights into IPv6 advantages, security features, and the challenges of IPv4 to IPv6 migration. --- - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/what-is-arin-american-registry-for-internet-numbers/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: ARIN, IPv4, IPv6, Network Infrastructure, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), RPKI, Whois ARIN manages IP addresses and ASNs across North America, promoting IPv6 adoption and providing essential services for internet stability. Understanding the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) plays a vital role in managing Internet resources, serving one of the most essential functions in modern digital infrastructure. Here we explore ARIN’s mission, services, and impact as a Regional Internet Registry (RIR). In Short ARIN oversees the allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) across the U. S. , Canada, and parts of the Caribbean as one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Following IPv4 depletion in 2015, ARIN has implemented transfer policies and promotes IPv6 adoption while managing remaining IPv4 resources. Beyond allocation, ARIN offers critical services such as Whois database management, technical coordination, and educational initiatives to support the internet community. The five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC What is ARIN? ARIN is one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) responsible for allocating and managing Internet resources. They are broken up into different regions: AFRINIC – Africa APNIC – Asia-Pacific ARIN – North America LACNIC – Latin America and Caribbean RIPE NCC – Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East These registries ensure the efficient and fair distribution of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) to maintain global Internet connectivity. Geographic Scope of ARIN ARIN’s jurisdiction covers a diverse range of territories, including: Canadian Sector: Canada Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands Sector: Approximately 20 island nations and territories, including Jamaica, the Bahamas, and St. Lucia Outlying Areas Sector: Remote territories such as St. Helena, Bouvet Island, Heard and McDonald Islands, and Antarctica United States Sector: The United States, Puerto Rico, US Minor Outlying Islands, and the Virgin Islands Service Regions ARIN’s jurisdiction covers four primary sectors: United States: Includes the mainland, Puerto Rico, and U. S. territories. Canada: Encompasses the entire country. Caribbean and North Atlantic Islands: Covers about 20 island nations and territories. Outlying Areas: Includes remote locations such as Antarctica. Core Functions and Services of ARIN Resource Management ARIN manages the allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with ASNs, across its service region. Since IPv4 exhaustion, it has enforced strict transfer policies and strongly advocates for IPv6 adoption to ensure fair and efficient resource distribution. Registry and Database Services ARIN maintains vital registry services, including: Whois Database: A public directory providing details on IP address assignments and routing information. WhoWas Database: A historical record of IP address ownership. Internet Routing Registry (IRR): Ensuring transparency and supporting network security. Technical and Security Services ARIN provides essential technical support, including: Reverse DNS Management for accurate domain resolution. Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to enhance routing security. Collaboration with other RIRs to ensure seamless global resource coordination. Policy Development and Community Support ARIN collaborates with stakeholders to develop policies governing IP allocation and offers educational initiatives for Internet governance. Focus Areas ARIN prioritizes internet stability, security, and transparency within its jurisdiction. Key initiatives include: Routing Security: Strengthening the integrity of internet routing through RPKI. Community Education: Offering technical training and educational programs to enhance understanding of network management and security. Internet Governance: Actively participating in policy discussions to shape the future of internet resource management. IPv4 & IPv6 Transition: Facilitating the transfer and efficient use of remaining IPv4 addresses while encouraging IPv6 adoption. IPv4 and IPv6 Management Since declaring IPv4 exhaustion in 2015, ARIN has focused on managing existing resources efficiently. It offers a waiting list for reclaimed IPv4 addresses and supports an active transfer market to meet ongoing demand. Meanwhile, the organization continues to advocate for the adoption of IPv6 to ensure long-term internet growth. ARIN Registration Services The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) provides authoritative and comprehensive registration services, including the allocation, assignment, and transfer of essential internet number resources: IPv4 addresses IPv6 addresses Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) ARIN’s role in managing the registration of IP addresses and ASNs within its service region is conducted with a high level of professionalism and dedication to serving the community’s diverse needs. This ensures a structured and efficient oversight of internet number resource distribution, essential for maintaining the robustness and reliability of global internet infrastructure. History and Evolution of ARINThe need for structured IP management emerged in the 1990s, leading to the establishment of ARIN in 1997. Since then, ARIN has played a crucial role in Internet governance, evolving alongside technological advancements: 2002-2005 – ARIN’s jurisdiction was refined with the creation of LACNIC and AFRINIC. 2015 – ARIN announced the depletion of its IPv4 address pool, marking a major shift toward IPv6 adoption. The Future of ARIN With the depletion of IPv4, ARIN actively promotes IPv6 adoption and manages resource transfers to ensure sustainability. Through its technical services, registry management, and policy leadership, ARIN continues to be an essential pillar of Internet stability and security. Conclusion ARIN is a cornerstone of internet infrastructure, serving far beyond an IP address registry. It functions as an essential governing body of the internet. Through its services, transparent policies, and active community engagement, ARIN ensures the stable and secure evolution of the internet. For ISPs, network operators, and organizations reliant on internet resources, understanding ARIN’s role is key. As the internet continues to evolve, ARIN’s resource management and regional development makes it crucial in shaping future connectivity. ARIN FAQ How can I obtain IP resources from ARIN? You can request IP addresses or ASNs from ARIN by applying through their website. Eligibility depends on demonstrated need and compliance with ARIN’s policies. If resources are unavailable, you may join the waiting list or acquire addresses through the transfer market. What role does ARIN play in routing security? ARIN enhances routing security through services like RPKI, which helps prevent IP address hijacking and route leaks. It also maintains databases such as the Internet Routing Registry (IRR) to facilitate transparent and secure network operations. How does ARIN’s transfer market work? The ARIN transfer market allows organizations to buy, sell, or lease IPv4 addresses. Transactions must comply with ARIN’s transfer policies to ensure proper documentation and resource legitimacy. ARIN also offers... --- - Published: 2024-02-15 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/what-is-reseaux-ip-europeens-ripe-ncc/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: IPv4, IPv6, Network Infrastructure, Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), RIPE NCC, RPKI, Whois RIPE NCC is the original Regional Internet Registry, that assigns IP addresses for 76 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Understanding the RIPE Network Coordination Centre The RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) is a nonprofit organization that manages internet number resources, such as IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs), for Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. It is one of the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) worldwide and plays a key role in maintaining the stability and security of the global internet infrastructure. Stats Founded: 1992 Headquarters: Amsterdam, Netherlands Service Region: 76 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia Members: Over 20,000 organizations, including ISPs, governments, and corporations In Short RIPE NCC oversees the allocation of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) across Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia as one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Following IPv4 depletion, RIPE NCC has implemented transfer policies and promotes IPv6 adoption while managing remaining IPv4 resources. Beyond allocation, RIPE NCC offers critical services such as Whois database management, technical coordination, and educational initiatives to support the internet community. The five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) responsible for allocating and managing Internet resources:AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC Regional Internet Registries RIPE NCC is one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) responsible for allocating and managing Internet resources. They are broken up into different regions: AFRINIC – Africa APNIC – Asia-Pacific ARIN – North America LACNIC – Latin America and Caribbean RIPE NCC – Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East These registries ensure the efficient and fair distribution of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) to maintain global Internet connectivity. The Geographic scope of RIPE-NCC Service Regions Europe: Includes all European countries. Middle East: Covers countries in the Middle Eastern region. Central Asia: Includes parts of Central Asia. Core Functions and Services of RIPE NCC Resource Management RIPE manages the allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with ASNs, across its service region. Since IPv4 exhaustion, it has enforced strict transfer policies and strongly advocates for IPv6 adoption to ensure fair and efficient resource distribution. Registry and Database Services RIPE NCC maintains vital registry services, including: Whois Database: A public directory providing details on IP address assignments and routing information. RIPE Database: A comprehensive record of network resource allocations and assignments. Internet Routing Registry (IRR): Ensuring transparency and supporting network security. Technical and Security Services RIPE NCC provides essential technical support, including: Reverse DNS Management for accurate domain resolution. Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to enhance routing security. Collaboration with other RIRs to ensure seamless global resource coordination. Policy Development and Community Support RIPE collaborates with stakeholders to develop policies governing IP allocation and offers educational initiatives for Internet governance. Focus Areas RIPE prioritizes internet stability, security, and transparency within its jurisdiction. Key initiatives include: Routing Security: Strengthening the integrity of internet routing through RPKI. Community Education: Offering technical training and educational programs to enhance understanding of network management and security. Internet Governance: Actively participating in policy discussions to shape the future of internet resource management. IPv4 & IPv6 Transition: Facilitating the transfer and efficient use of remaining IPv4 addresses while encouraging IPv6 adoption. IPv4 and IPv6 Management Since declaring IPv4 exhaustion, RIPE has focused on managing existing resources efficiently. It offers a waiting list for reclaimed IPv4 addresses and supports an active transfer market to meet ongoing demand. Meanwhile, the organization continues to advocate for the adoption of IPv6 to ensure long-term internet growth. Registration Services RIPE provides authoritative and comprehensive registration services, including the allocation, assignment, and transfer of essential internet number resources: IPv4 addresses IPv6 addresses Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) Regional Internet Registries play role in managing the registration of IP addresses and ASNs within its service region is conducted with a high level of professionalism and dedication to serving the community’s diverse needs. This ensures a structured and efficient oversight of internet number resource distribution, essential for maintaining the robustness and reliability of global internet infrastructure. History of RIPE NCC The need for structured IP management emerged in the 1990s, leading to the establishment of RIPE NCC in 1992. Since then, it has played a crucial role in Internet governance, evolving alongside technological advancements: 1992 – RIPE NCC is established as the first Regional Internet Registry (RIR) to coordinate IP address distribution in Europe. 1997 – Introduced the RIPE Database as a publicly accessible registry of IP address allocations and assignments. 2002-2005 – RIPE jurisdiction evolved with the formation of LACNIC (2002) and AFRINIC (2005), refining its service region. 2008 – Implemented IPv6 allocation policies to encourage adoption amid IPv4 depletion concerns. 2010 – Launched Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to improve routing security. 2011 – Final /8 policy activated, began strict rationing of remaining IPv4 addresses. 2012 – Officially announced exhaustion of its general IPv4 allocation pool, moving to the last /8 policy. 2015 – Established inter-RIR IPv4 transfer policies, allowing organizations to transfer addresses between regions. 2019 – Declared complete exhaustion of IPv4, with only recovered and reclaimed addresses available via waiting list. 2020 – Strengthened IPv6 deployment initiatives and expanded training programs on IPv6 adoption. 2022 – Introduced stricter anti-abuse policies and enhanced database accuracy efforts to combat fraudulent IP address registrations. 2024 – Increased focus on security with expanded RPKI adoption and improved Internet Routing Registry (IRR) services. The Future of RIPE NCC With the depletion of IPv4, RIPE NCC actively promotes IPv6 adoption and manages resource transfers to ensure sustainability. Through its technical services, registry management, and policy leadership, RIPE NCC continues to be an essential pillar of Internet stability and security. Conclusion RIPE NCC is a cornerstone of internet infrastructure, serving far beyond an IP address registry. It functions as an essential governing body of the internet. Through its services, transparent policies, and active community engagement, RIPE NCC ensures the stable and secure evolution of the internet. For ISPs, network operators, and organizations reliant on internet resources, understanding RIPE NCC’s role is key. As the internet continues to evolve, RIPE NCC’s resource management and regional development makes it crucial... --- - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2024/02/how-to-configure-dns-for-isps/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: DNS, IP Addresses Configure DNS for ISPs with ease by following this instructional guide. Best practices for reliable and efficient domain name resolution. DNS Setup Guide for ISPs Properly setting up DNS (Domain Name System) for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) involves configuring DNS servers and network infrastructure to ensure reliable and efficient domain name resolution for end users. Follow this instructional guide and best practices to correctly configure DNS for ISPs: Plan Network Architecture: Assess the scope and size of your ISP network, including subscriber count, network topology, and geographic coverage. Select DNS Servers: Decide between using public DNS servers, private DNS servers, or a combination. Implement redundant DNS servers to provide load balancing and enhance availability. DNS Server Hardware and Software: Choose appropriate server hardware capable of handling expected traffic. Install and configure DNS server software, or use an all-in-one DDI Solution that includes DNS controllers. IP Address Allocation: Assign static IPv4 addresses to your DNS servers. Ensure these IPv4 addresses are well-documented and communicated to network administrators. Consider using an IPAM solution. Configure DNS Zones: Create DNS zones for your ISP network, including reverse DNS (PTR) zones for IP address-to-hostname mappings. Configure necessary resource records (A, AAAA, MX, CNAME, etc. ) within these zones. Implement DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions): Consider implementing DNSSEC to enhance security and authenticity for DNS queries and responses. Logging and Monitoring: Set up logging and monitoring solutions to track DNS server performance and detect issues or unusual activity. Network Segmentation: Isolate DNS infrastructure from the customer-facing network to prevent unauthorized access and improve security. Redundancy and Load Balancing: Implement load balancing mechanisms to evenly distribute DNS traffic across multiple servers. Create redundancy by having secondary DNS servers for failover purposes. Client DNS Resolution: Configure your network to direct clients' DNS resolver settings to your DNS servers. Educate subscribers on setting DNS settings on their devices or modems. Optimize and Analyze Traffic Continuously: Monitor DNS traffic patterns to identify optimization needs in your infrastructure. Adjust DNS cache settings to improve query response times. Security Measures: Implement firewall rules and access controls to protect DNS servers from unauthorized access. Regularly update and patch DNS server software to address security vulnerabilities. Compliance and Legal Considerations: Ensure your DNS infrastructure complies with local and international laws and regulations, including data privacy and retention policies. Disaster Recovery Plan: Develop a disaster recovery plan to restore DNS services quickly in case of hardware failures or emergencies. Regular Maintenance: Conduct regular maintenance and updates to keep your DNS infrastructure secure and current. Performance Monitoring and Optimization: Continuously monitor DNS performance and optimize configurations as needed to guarantee optimal service for subscribers. DNS is a critical component of your ISP’s network. Proper planning, configuration, and ongoing maintenance are essential for providing a reliable and secure internet experience for your customers. Regularly reviewing and updating your DNS setup ensures smooth operations. --- - Published: 2023-11-24 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2023/11/openflow-software-defined-networking-explained/ - Categories: IPv4 Knowledgebase - Tags: BYOIP, Infrastructure, IPv4, Network Address Translation (NAT), Network Infrastructure, Software-Defined Networking OpenFlow is the protocol that transformed networking by making traffic programmable, centralized, and easier to manage Enabling centralized network control, OpenFlow influenced the rise of software-defined networking (SDN) in the 2000s, and remains relevant to this day. OpenFlow is a networking protocol that allows a controller—usually a piece of software—to tell network switches and routers how to handle traffic. It gives administrators centralized control over how data flows through a network by separating the system that makes decisions (the control plane) from the system that moves data (the data plane). This separation is the key idea behind Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and OpenFlow is one of the earliest and most widely known ways to implement it. A Brief History of OpenFlow OpenFlow originated in the mid-2000s as a research project at Stanford University, where academics wanted a way to experiment with new network protocols without modifying the underlying hardware. Their solution was to create a standardized method for remotely programming how switches forward packets. This idea became OpenFlow. In 2011, the Open Networking Foundation (ONF) was formed to support and promote OpenFlow and SDN more broadly. Founding members included major tech companies such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Deutsche Telekom. With industry support, OpenFlow quickly became the face of SDN in academic and enterprise circles, helping drive early interest in programmable networks. How Does OpenFlow Relate to IPv4? OpenFlow works directly with IPv4 by allowing network controllers to define how IPv4 packets are handled at the switch level. In an OpenFlow-enabled switch, flow table entries can match on specific IPv4 header fields—such as source and destination IP addresses, protocol type (TCP, UDP, etc. ), and port numbers. This gives administrators fine-grained control over IPv4 traffic routing, filtering, and modification. For example, a controller can instruct a switch to forward all packets from a particular IPv4 address through a specific path, drop traffic from certain sources, or apply Quality of Service (QoS) rules. In this way, OpenFlow enhances how IPv4 traffic is managed, enabling dynamic and programmable network behavior. How OpenFlow Works OpenFlow operates using three main components: Controller (Control Plane): A centralized software system that defines rules for how traffic should be handled. OpenFlow Switch (Data Plane): Hardware or software that receives instructions from the controller and applies them to network packets. Flow Tables: These tables live on the switch and contain rules (called "flows") that match specific types of traffic and define what actions to take. When a switch encounters a packet, it checks its flow table to see if it matches any existing rules. If a match is found, the switch performs the defined action (such as forwarding the packet, dropping it, or modifying it). If no match exists, the switch can send the packet to the controller for further instruction. The Benefits of OpenFlow and SDN OpenFlow offers several major benefits: Centralized Management: Simplifies network configuration and policy enforcement by consolidating control in one place. Flexibility: Makes it easier to experiment with or deploy new traffic-handling strategies without replacing hardware. Vendor Neutrality: Standardized interface encourages interoperability between different vendors’ devices. Programmability: Enables developers and administrators to write custom logic for how the network should behave. How Does OpenFlow Work with BYOIP? OpenFlow can play a useful role in Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) scenarios by giving network operators centralized control over how traffic to and from user-owned IP address blocks is handled. With BYOIP, organizations bring their own IP ranges into a cloud or service provider’s network. Using OpenFlow, administrators can program flow rules that direct traffic for those IP addresses to specific virtual machines, containers, or network segments, regardless of physical location. This allows for custom routing, policy enforcement, and security filtering on BYOIP traffic. In essence, OpenFlow provides the programmable logic needed to dynamically manage and optimize BYOIP use within a software-defined environment. Real-World Use Cases OpenFlow has been deployed in a variety of contexts: Data Centers: For dynamic traffic routing, virtual network management, and traffic optimization. Campus Networks: To enforce security policies and user access controls. Service Provider Networks: In wide-area routing and traffic engineering. Research Networks: As a flexible platform for testing new networking ideas at scale. Alternatives to OpenFlow While OpenFlow was a pioneering SDN protocol, it is no longer the only or even the most common approach to programmable networking. Other SDN architectures and technologies have gained popularity: NETCONF/YANG: Used for managing network configurations and state information in a structured, programmable way. P4 (Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors): A language for programming the behavior of packet forwarding devices at a much lower level than OpenFlow. Intent-Based Networking (IBN): Higher-level approach where administrators define desired outcomes, and the system figures out how to achieve them. Vendor-Specific APIs: Many hardware vendors now provide their own software interfaces and platforms that offer OpenFlow-like programmability without strictly adhering to the OpenFlow standard. These alternatives can offer advantages like greater flexibility, better scalability, or deeper integration with modern cloud and virtualization environments, but OpenFlow remains a popular choice for SDN OpenFlow's Enduring Popularity Despite the rise of newer SDN protocols and platforms, OpenFlow remains popular due to its simplicity, openness, and foundational role in programmable networking. It was the first widely adopted protocol to separate the control and data planes, making it easier to design centralized, flexible networks. OpenFlow’s standardized approach allows for vendor-neutral hardware and easier experimentation, which has kept it relevant in research, education, and some production environments. Its influence also continues in modern SDN designs, many of which build upon OpenFlow's core concepts, ensuring its ongoing value in the networking world. Challenges and Limitations Despite its strengths, OpenFlow does come with limitations: Scalability: Managing many flow entries or rapidly changing traffic can strain both controllers and switches. Security Risks: Centralized controllers can become targets if not properly secured. Transition Complexity: Integrating OpenFlow into existing networks may require significant changes to architecture and workflows. Declining Industry Focus: Many vendors and organizations have shifted focus to other SDN technologies with broader capabilities. Conclusion OpenFlow helped kick-start the era of Software-Defined Networking by offering a standardized way to program how packets move through a... --- - Published: 2023-09-05 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2023/09/the-anatomy-of-a-ddos-attack-and-how-to-defend-against-it/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Cybersecurity, Hackers, Network Infrastructure, Security DDoS attacks overwhelm networks with traffic to cause disruption. This can be mitigated through proactive security measures. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a growing threat to businesses, organizations, and even individuals. These cyberattacks aim to disrupt the normal functioning of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic. The consequences can be devastating, ranging from financial losses to reputational damage. This blog post delves into what DDoS attacks are, how they work, and what steps you can take to protect yourself. What is a DDoS Attack? A DDoS attack is a malicious attempt to render a website or online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. Unlike a standard Denial of Service (DoS) attack, which originates from a single device, a DDoS attack uses a network of compromised computers—often referred to as a botnet—to execute its assault. These botnets can consist of thousands or even millions of devices, amplifying the scale and impact of the attack. Types of DDoS Attacks Volume-Based Attacks: These attacks flood the target with massive amounts of data to saturate bandwidth, making the service inaccessible. Protocol Attacks: These focus on exploiting weaknesses in network protocols, such as SYN floods or Ping of Death, to exhaust server resources. Application Layer Attacks: Targeting specific applications, these attacks aim to disrupt services such as HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, or SMTP by overloading them. How DDoS Attacks Work DDoS attacks typically follow a structured approach: Infection and Recruitment: Attackers infect devices with malware to create a botnet. Command and Control: The attacker uses a command-and-control (C2) server to coordinate the botnet. Execution: The botnet launches a coordinated attack against the target, overwhelming its resources and causing disruptions. The sheer volume of requests can make it nearly impossible for legitimate users to access the targeted service, leading to downtime and potential financial losses. Why Are DDoS Attacks Dangerous? Financial Loss: Downtime caused by DDoS attacks can lead to lost revenue, particularly for e-commerce and online service providers. Reputational Damage: Frequent or prolonged outages can erode customer trust. Operational Disruption: Critical business operations may be halted, affecting productivity and service delivery. Preventing and Mitigating DDoS Attacks While no system is entirely immune, adopting proactive measures can significantly reduce the risk and impact of a DDoS attack. 1. Implement Robust Network Security Invest in firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to monitor and block malicious traffic. 2. Use DDoS Protection Services Specialized services, such as Cloudflare or Akamai, offer advanced DDoS mitigation solutions to absorb and filter malicious traffic before it reaches your network. 3. Increase Bandwidth Ensuring your network has excess bandwidth can help absorb traffic spikes caused by DDoS attacks, providing a buffer against smaller-scale attacks. 4. Deploy Load Balancers Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers, reducing the strain on any single server during an attack. 5. Regularly Update Software and Firmware Keeping systems up to date with the latest security patches can help prevent exploitation by attackers. 6. Develop an Incident Response Plan Have a clear and actionable plan in place to identify, mitigate, and recover from a DDoS attack. Regularly train staff to ensure preparedness. Staying Ahead of Threats DDoS attacks are an evolving threat, with attackers constantly devising new methods to bypass defenses. By staying informed and adopting a multi-layered security approach, businesses and individuals can minimize their vulnerabilities and ensure greater resilience against these attacks. In cybersecurity, proactive preparation is always better than reactive damage control. --- - Published: 2023-06-09 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2023/06/pros-and-cons-deploying-carrier-grade-nat/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: CGNAT, IP Addresses, Network Address Translation (NAT) How CGNAT technology helps ISPs and telecom operators conserve public IPv4 addresses while enhancing online privacy and security. What is Carrier Grade Network Address Translation? Carrier Grade Network Address Translation (CGNAT) is a crucial technology for efficient network management, especially for ISPs and telecom operators. Both Network Address Translation (NAT) and CGNAT aim to conserve public IPv4 addresses, enhance online privacy and security, and manage the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. NAT works by hiding private IP addresses from the external network and mapping them to a single public IP address. CGNAT, however, goes a step further by mapping multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address. This allows users to access a larger pool of IP addresses while using only one registered public IPv4 address. A key advantage of CGNAT over traditional NAT is its support for both IPv4 and IPv6 communication. This feature is essential as the world transitions to IPv6. CGNAT enables telecom operators to manage their networks more effectively by sharing a single IPv4 address among multiple users. It operates at the network's edge, acting as a bridge between public IPv4 addresses used externally and private IPs used internally. By maximizing the available IP address pool, CGNAT helps operators reduce costs associated with purchasing new IPv4 address blocks. This cost-efficiency translates to improved operational efficiency and a better user experience. Benefits & Risks of Carrier Grade NAT CG-NAT Pros Reduces the number of required IPv4 addresses Enhances security and prevents attacks Controls tiered Quality of Service (QoS) levels CG-NAT Cons High cost to implement with yearly maintenance fees Issues Implementing Carrier Grade NAT Implementing Carrier Grade NAT (CG-NAT) can potentially reduce the performance of applications or services that require end-to-end connections between two or more private networks. Since all packets must pass through an intermediary device, increased latency and added processing overhead can hinder network performance. Additionally, peer-to-peer applications and protocols may not function properly over a CG-NAT environment due to NAT traversal issues. Another disadvantage of CG-NAT is related to visibility and control of traffic flows within an ISP’s network. As all outbound traffic from multiple customers appears to originate from a single IPv4 address on the public side of the NAT device, service providers find it challenging to track individual user activity and identify malicious activity. Firewalls or other access control devices become less effective as they cannot distinguish between legitimate users and those engaging in illegal activities. Troubleshooting and debugging can also become quite challenging with CG-NAT deployments due to the complexity involved in configuration. This often requires manual intervention from expert administrators familiar with NAT operations and networking protocols, leading to increased operational costs and potential downtime. Benefits of Deploying Carrier Grade NAT Unlike traditional Network Address Translation (NAT), Carrier Grade NAT (CG-NAT) is optimized for handling high volumes of user traffic, offering scalability and reliability for large networks. It provides higher throughput rates and lower latency, improving performance over traditional NAT solutions. Advanced features such as load balancing, traffic shaping, and Quality of Service (QoS) can be implemented using CG-NAT. For mobile service providers, CG-NAT simplifies managing roaming customers without the need for expensive solutions like long-term evolution (LTE). Carriers can assign temporary public IP addresses to roaming customers and route them through their networks, saving costs and maintaining control over quality of service. CG-NAT also enables Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), giving telecom operators visibility into network traffic patterns. This helps troubleshoot problems and detect malicious activity such as DDoS attacks more quickly. DPI allows for more granular control over bandwidth allocation per user or application, enabling carriers to offer tiered services with different Quality of Experience levels based on the customer's payment. Final Thoughts on Carrier Grade NAT Overall, Carrier Grade NAT is beneficial for telecom operators seeking efficient network management. It offers scalability, reliability, and cost savings. Its advanced features allow telecoms to provide tailored services customized to each customer’s needs and budget. However, deploying and managing CG-NAT effectively requires significant time, money, and expertise. A hybrid environment might be a good option to test if CG-NAT is the right solution. Brander Group’s team can help assess the costs and create a deployment strategy with minimal network downtime. For more information, email info@brandergroup. net or contact us. --- - Published: 2021-11-03 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://ipv4connect.com/2021/11/spamhaus-drop-lists/ - Categories: IPv4 Industry News - Tags: Blacklists and Blocklists, Hackers, IP Addresses Spamhaus DROP lists are essential tools in the fight against IP hijacking, that defend against DNS hijacking, and most malicious activity. Spamhaus DROP lists are essential tools in the fight against IP hijacking. These lists consist of IP addresses exploited by organizations for malicious purposes, such as distributing malware, controlling botnets, or executing other forms of cybercrime. The service enables IPv4 address owners to report their hijacked IPs, effectively preventing these bad actors from announcing their presence in BGP. The Don’t Route or Peer Protection List is provided these free of charge, and designed to enhance internet security. As part of the Spamhaus Blocklist (SBL), DROP lists safeguard all internet protocols, including web traffic. Tailored for Tier-1 and backbone providers, these lists filter out malicious traffic through advanced firewalls and routing equipment. Thorough investigations and forensic analyses confirm control by cybercrime groups or “bulletproof” hosting providers before IP address subnets are added to the DROP lists. With the depletion of IPv4 addresses, assignments have become increasingly dynamic, often overseen by trusted facilitators like Brander Group. Cybercriminals frequently alter ASNs and corporate identities to evade detection, necessitating daily updates to DROP lists to monitor these evasive IP hijacking tactics. How DROP Lists Work Free DROP datasets are readily available in JSON format, allowing seamless integration across various devices and software capable of processing IP networks. This includes DNS resolvers, firewalls, network gateways, and web proxies. Types of DROP Lists: DROP: drop 4v json DROPv6: drop v6 json ASN-DROP: asn-drop json It’s crucial to acknowledge that while text files are still in use, they will eventually be phased out. Spamhaus will proactively inform the community well in advance to facilitate planning. Advantages of DROP Lists The primary benefit of DROP lists is their ability to expel IP hijackers from their designated address spaces. These lists provide up-to-date defenses against a range of malicious activities, including spam, ransomware encryption, DNS hijacking, exploitation attempts, authentication attacks, data harvesting, and DDoS attacks. Additionally, DROP lists offer automatic safeguards that promptly sever infected devices' communication with adversaries utilizing “bulletproof hosting” on listed networks. This infrastructure-level protection is vital, as users often remain unaware of existing threats. The dataset boasts high reliability, ensuring that legitimate IPv4 addresses are not mistakenly included, thereby minimizing false positives. IP addresses routed by legitimate network operators will never appear on the list, thanks to the trust and confidence embedded in our dataset. Spamhaus DROP Access is Complimentary Spamhaus asserts that the critical nature of DROP list data necessitates free access, regardless of an organization’s size or business model, to protect the internet as a whole. We do request that when this data is utilized within a product, appropriate credit is given to the Spamhaus Project, ensuring that the date and © text remain intact with the file and data. Organizations seeking a commercially-focused solution that includes data on compromised communities and dedicated botnet C&C listings can use Spamhaus Technology. For inquiries, please contact our team at info@brandergroup. net. Removing from DROP Lists Ranges listed in DROP are linked to their respective Spamhaus Blocklist (SBL) records referenced in the DROP files. Once the SBL record is removed, the associated ranges will be automatically excluded from DROP. For further details on removals, visit the SBL page. IP addresses within DROP are directly connected to the corresponding Spamhaus Blocklist (SBL) records. After the SBL record removal, these IP addresses will automatically be delisted from DROP. For more information on removal procedures, check the SBL page. Spamhaus DROP FAQ How Often Does Spamhaus Re-evaluate DROP? DROP listings undergo daily re-evaluation. Various factors can trigger changes to these listings, including interactions with involved parties, detection or notification of false positives, automatic network reassignments, and more. How Can the DROP List Be Valuable If It’s Free? The DROP list encompasses IP ranges identified as highly dangerous to internet users, which Spamhaus provides at no cost. Recognizing the critical significance of this data, Spamhaus ensures that the DROP list remains accessible to all entities, regardless of their size or industry, to safeguard internet users effectively. What Are "Hijacked Netblocks"? Hijacked netblocks are IP addresses that spammers exploit by "reviving" abandoned resources. Here's a streamlined overview of how this process unfolds: The original owner relinquishes the IP block. Squatters reclaim it through tactics like registering abandoned domains to capture emails. Some hijackers audaciously steal IP space allocated to others by announcing it under their BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN). Autonomous System Numbers themselves can be hijacked, allowing spammers to take over inactive ASNs and announce various IP ranges, resulting in netblocks being advertised by hijacked ASNs. These activities empower spammers to misuse abandoned resources for nefarious purposes, significantly challenging network security. Identifying hijacked netblocks can be done within ranges allocated by Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Restoring rightful ownership of a hijacked netblock involves pinpointing the original owner—often a defunct company—and navigating the lengthy procedures of the RIR. Unfortunately, this slow process is insufficient to combat the modern spam epidemic. So, how can ISPs leverage DROP effectively? Several applications for the DROP list stand out: Implementing DROP in DNS RPZ Zones: Use DROP ranges in a DNS RPZ zone to invalidate lookups in these ranges. Detailed guidance on this can be found on the Spamhaus Technology website, specifically within the DNS Firewall Threat Feed. Logging DNS Server Queries: Monitoring customer queries for DNS servers within any DROP-listed IP space is crucial for identifying malware-infected systems. Vetting New Transit Customers: Assess proposed IP ranges of new transit customers against DROP lists to mitigate risks associated with new routing options. Enhancing Spam Filtering: Increase scores for DROP ranges in spam-filtering software like SpamAssassin to boost detection capabilities. What is Spamhaus DROP? Don’t Route Or Peer (DROP) is an authoritative advisory list aimed at blocking all traffic from specific sources. It represents a specialized subset of the SBL, optimized for firewalls and routing devices. This list includes netblocks hijacked or leased by professional spam or cybercrime operations, often used for spreading malware, trojan downloaders, and controlling botnets. Spamhaus strongly encourages Tier-1 and backbone networks to adopt DROP. Consulting the DROP list webpage when routing... --- ---